Solar interfacial evaporation is an effective way to address water scarcity in the 21st century. However, when the evaporator is exposed to light for a long time, salt would be deposited on its surface, leading to degradation of evaporation performance. Herein, an easily fabricated bilayer interfacial carbon–ZrO2/polydopamine/polyurethane foam (carbon–ZrO2/PDA/PU) evaporator is developed, in which carbonized Zr‐based metal–organic frameworks are used as photothermal layer with a light absorption of about 98% in the range of 200–2500 nm and PDA‐modified PU foam is used as the substrate with well water absorption ability and thermal insulation performance. The evaporation system achieves an evaporation rate of 1.626 kg m−2 h−1 and a photothermal conversion efficiency of 80.8% under 1 sun irradiation. Moreover, no salt deposition is generated and the evaporation rate keeps steady even in 10 wt% brine with prolonged light exposure. Therefore, the evaporator has great potential in solar water desalination and alleviates water shortage problems for less developed regions.
Electronic skin (e-skin) is a bionic human skin material
that is
widely used in artificial intelligence devices. Pressure sensors,
as the main component of e-skin, can perceive active pressure spatial
distribution in real time. However, in addition to perceiving touch
and pressure, human skin also has the ability to sense pain after
being impacted or heavily pressed. Therefore, it is hoped that e-skin
has the ability to sense the occurrence and disappearance of pain.
Here, a pressure memory sensor (PM sensor) based on pressure memory
foam (PM foam) was fabricated by a simple and easy-to-scale preparation
process. PM foam exhibited excellent electrical conductivity due to
the dense three-dimensional conductive network formed by carbon nanotubes
(CNTs). PM sensors can achieve pressure memory and spontaneous recovery
performance due to self-adhesion between the cell walls provided by
polyborosiloxane (PBS). We investigated the effects of CNT and PBS
contents on PM sensor sensitivity and memory time and realized the
adjustment of sensitivity (0.012–0.099 kPa–1) and memory time (54–325 s). The sensor can bionically sense
pain under heavy pressure or impact. In addition, PM foam exhibited
excellent electromagnetic interference shielding performance and achieved
a shielding effectiveness of more than 30 dB. PM foam realized the
intelligent regulation of electromagnetic wave reflection and electromagnetic
wave absorption through the conversion of a foam state and solid state.
PM foam had excellent Joule heating performance to resist extreme
cold environments. Multifunctional pressure memory and pain bionic
sensors have great significance and application prospects in e-skin.
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