Sparse code multiple access (SCMA) is a promising multiuser communication technique for the enabling of future massive machine-type networks. Unlike existing codebook design schemes assuming uniform power allocation, we present a novel class of SCMA codebooks which display power imbalance among different users for downlink transmission. Based on the Star-QAM mother constellation structure and with the aid of genetic algorithm, we optimize the minimum Euclidean distance (MED) and the minimum product distance (MPD) of the proposed codebooks. Numerical simulation results show that our proposed codebooks lead to significantly improved error rate performances over Gaussian channels and Rayleigh fading channels.
What is already known about this topic? OA has been listed as the fastest increasing major public health problem and ranked second as a cause of disability by World Health Organization (WHO). With population aging, osteoarthritis (OA) is causing an increased economic burden for individuals and society and is attracting an increasing amount of scientific attention.
What is added by this report?This research used healthcare data to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of OA in Yichang City, Hubei Province, China. The exact number and distribution of patients were obtained, and a descriptive analysis of OA visits by age, gender, and season was performed. Knee joint disease among women was most common, followed by other joint diseases. Knee osteoarthritis was the most common OA diagnosis between 60 and 69 years of age.
What are the implications for public health practice?In China, the prevalence of OA among middle-age and elderly people was high. With increases in the size of the elderly population, the burden of disease caused by OA may increase. It is necessary to strengthen publicity to improve people's awareness of self-health care of bone and joint. Interventions and preventive strategies targeting high-risk groups are urgently needed in order to improve healthy bones and healthy life quality among middle-age and elderly people.
Risks associated with a vessel traffic system at sea are analyzed according to the elements in this system and a new method is developed to ensure safe ship operation. Based on Bayes' point estimation and probability influence diagram to estimate the traffic accidents related to vessel traffic, an analysis model is established for the quantitative risk assessment (QRA) of the vessel traffic system at sea. After the analysis on occurrence likelihood of the accidents related to ship traffic, a structure on the basis of Bayesian networks is developed to obtain the QRA of their relative risks. QRA is also put forward after analyzing the features and situations of the vessel traffic system and identifying the corresponding hazards including characteristics of those hazards. The risk distributions of ship traffic are described and results are presented on QRA in relation to various features by using this risk assessment model. This method, verified in the cases of QRA, turns out to be feasible by the use of identified posterior probability.
A Flash FPGA and a DSP are used in plant disease remote monitoring and control system in this paper. The FPGA is used to acquire and transmit the field plant image or video data for subsequent monitoring and diagnosis, the DSP TMS320DM642 to process and encode video or image data to get high transfer efficiency, the nRF24L01 single chip 2.4GHz radio transceiver is used for wireless data transfer. It has two data compress and transmission tactics to meet users' different need and uses multi-channel wireless communication to lower the whole cost in the system.
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