Malus transitoria (Batalin) C. K. Schneider is a shrub or small trees species native to in and around the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (QTP). We analyzed 142 samples from 8 natural populations of M. transitoria collected from the QTP using 18 pairs of EST-SSR markers. Genetic diversity was high at the species level showed the mean expected heterozygosity (HE) and Shannon's information index (I) per population were 0.573 and 0.921, and the genetic diversity of the WD population (HE=0.595, I=0.974) was the highest, whereas that of the BS population (HE=0.541, I=0.870) was the lowest. The mean Gene Flow (Nm) was 6.076, and the genetic diversity of the MKH population (Nm = 5.034) was the lowest. Molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) showed moderate genetic differentiation among populations, that Within Populations variation (95%) was significantly higher than Among Populations variation (5%), which was consistent with the genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst = 0.057). STRUCTURE analysis showed 2 clusters grouped similar to the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic (UPGMA) clustering and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA). We speculate that due to long-term orogeny, gene exchange between populations is blocked, resulting in small gene flow and loss of genetic resources. This research investigated the genetic diversity and structure of natural populations of M. transitoria to provide a scientific basis for the conservation, breeding, and rational utilization of this tree species germplasm resources in QTP.
Malus transitoria (Batalin) C. K. Schneider is a shrub or small trees species native to in and around the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (QTP). We analyzed 142 samples from 8 natural populations of M. transitoria collected from the QTP using 18 pairs of EST-SSR markers. Genetic diversity was high at the species level showed the mean expected heterozygosity (HE) and Shannon’s information index (I) per population were 0.573 and 0.921, and the genetic diversity of the WD population (HE=0.595, I=0.974) was the highest, whereas that of the BS population (HE=0.541, I=0.870) was the lowest. The mean Gene Flow (Nm) was 6.076, and the genetic diversity of the MKH population (Nm = 5.034) was the lowest. Molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) showed moderate genetic differentiation among populations, that Within Populations variation (95%) was significantly higher than Among Populations variation (5%), which was consistent with the genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst = 0.057). STRUCTURE analysis showed 2 clusters grouped similar to the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic (UPGMA) clustering and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA). We speculate that due to long-term orogeny, gene exchange between populations is blocked, resulting in small gene flow and loss of genetic resources. This research investigated the genetic diversity and structure of natural populations of M. transitoria to provide a scientific basis for the conservation, breeding, and rational utilization of this tree species germplasm resources in QTP.
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