Colloidal crystals have brought the promise of revolution to modernengineering, yet commonly used fabrication technologies are still limited by the small preparation area, time-consuming process, and dependence on sophisticated equipment. Here, a surface tension gradient-driven selfassembly strategy is proposed for the ultrafast fabrication of large-area colloidal crystals. The hydrogel loaded with sodium dodecyl sulfate is devised to construct a stable and continuous liquid-air interfacial tension gradient, and the resulting Marangoni effect can drive the micro-nano particles to instantaneously form (within several seconds) highly ordered colloidal crystals. Benefiting from the long range of surface tension gradients, the fabrication area of colloidal crystal films is demonstrated to exceed an astonishing 1000 cm 2 without compromising their quality, showing great potential in scale-up manufacture. Moreover, particles of a wide variety of sizes, materials, and functionalities can form close-packed self-assembly mono layers and be transferred to various substrates without damage, exhibiting great versatility. Inspired by ink microprinting, an ultrafast nanoparticle transfer printing method is further proposed to convert the closepacked nanoparticle mono layers into large-area conformal micro patterns with single-nanoparticle resolution. The great potential of nanoparticle micropatterns is demonstrated in flexible micro-electronics/skin electronics. This user-friendly, efficient self-assembly, and micropatterning strategy provide promising opportunities for academic and real industrial applications.

Intracellular delivery and genetic modification have brought a significant revolutionary to tumor immunotherapy, yet existing methods are still limited by low delivery efficiency, poor throughput, excessive cell damage, or unsuitability for suspension immune cells, specifically the natural killer cell, which is highly resistant to transfection. Here, we proposed a vibration-assisted nanoneedle/microfluidic composite system that uses large-area nanoneedles to rapidly puncture and detach the fast-moving suspension cells in the microchannel under vibration to achieve continuous high-throughput intracellular delivery. The nanoneedle arrays fabricated based on the large-area self-assembly technique and microchannels can maximize the delivery efficiency. Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes (Cas9/RNPs) can be delivered directly into cells due to the sufficient cellular membrane nanoperforation size; for difficult-to-transfect immune cells, the delivery efficiency can be up to 98%, while the cell viability remains at about 80%. Moreover, the throughput is demonstrated to maintain a mL/min level, which is significantly higher than that of conventional delivery techniques. Further, we prepared CD96 knockout NK-92 cells via this platform, and the gene-edited NK-92 cells possessed higher immunity by reversing exhaustion. The high-throughput, high-efficiency, and low-damage performance of our intracellular delivery strategy has great potential for cellular immunotherapy in clinical applications.