We make several contributions to understanding the socio-demographic ramifications of the COVID-19 epidemic and policy responses on employment outcomes of subgroups in the U.S., benchmarked against two previous recessions. First, monthly Current Population Survey (CPS) data show greater declines in employment in April and May 2020 (relative to February) for Hispanics, younger workers, and those with high school degrees and some college. Between April and May, all the demographic subgroups considered regained some employment. While in most cases the re-employment in May was proportional to the employment drop occurred through April, we show that this was not the case for Blacks. Second, we show that job loss was larger in occupations that require more interpersonal contact and that cannot be performed remotely. Third, we see that consistent with theories of occupational segregation, the extent to which workers of certain demographic groups sort (pre-COVID-19) into occupations and industries can explain a sizeable portion of the gender, race, and ethnic gaps in recent unemployment. However, there remain substantial unexplained differences in employment losses across groups even in these detailed decompositions. We also demonstrate the importance of tracking workers who report having a job but are absent from work, in addition to tracking employed and unemployed workers. We conclude with a discussion of policy priorities and future research needs implied by the disparities in labor market losses from the COVID-19 crisis that we identify.

While bulk-sized metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) face limits to their utilization in various research fields such as energy storage applications, nanoarchitectonics is believed to be a possible solution.

Three-dimensional (3D) networks of graphitic carbon are promising materials for energy storage and conversion devices because of their high electrical conductivity, which is promoted by the good interconnection between the carbon particles.H owever,i ti ss till difficult to directly synthesize such carbon networks.H erein, we report the novel synthesis of 3D graphitic carbon networks through the pyrolysis of nanosized ZIF-67 crystals.I nterestingly,t he unusual effect of downsizing the ZIF-67 crystals and the incorporation of catalytic Co nanoparticles was the spontaneous formation of graphitic networks.The obtained graphitic carbon networks showe xcellent electrochemical performance for the insertion and extraction of potassium ions.Several members of the carbon family,s uch as diamond, fullerene,g raphite,c arbon nanotubes,a nd graphene,h ave been well-studied and prepared by many different approaches.[1] Nanoporous carbons have attracted great interest in many research fields.T he high specific surface area and porosity of nanoporous carbons make them promising candidates for electrochemical energy storage (EES) and conversion devices.[2] Fors uch applications,n anoporous carbons with highly graphitic walls and good electrical conductivity are highly desirable. [3] In general, nanoporous carbons with highly graphitic structures are prepared by thermal pyrolysis of organic precursors at high temperatures (! 800 8 8C).[4] However,such thermal treatment is unfavorable for the large-scale preparation of nanoporous carbons because of the high energy consumption and complicated procedures.I nr ecent years,t he pyrolysis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs;o rp orous coordination polymers (PCPs)) has been recognized as an effective approach to synthesize nanoporous carbons.[5] MOFs are porous crystalline materials formed by coordinative bonding between metal ions or clusters and organic linkers.[6] Theb reakable coordination bonds,a nd carbon-rich organic component make MOFs appropriate precursors for the preparation of nanoporous carbons.T he metal contents (e.g.C o) of MOFs have been shown to promote the formation of highly graphitic frameworks even at low temperatures. [7] Although the individual particles are highly graphitized, each particle is isolated from each other (i.e.t he particles are not interconnected to ah igh degree).[8] Thus,t he spaces between these particles seriously hinder the transportation of electrons,thus decreasing the electrical conductivity.Therefore,the development of 3D porous carbon networks with excellent connectivity between the carbon particles is highly important for achieving the optimized utilization of MOF-derived carbon materials in EES applications.Herein, we have carefully investigated the size-dependent pyrolysis of aC o-containing zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67). It is found that areduction in the size of the ZIF-67 particles can lead to as pontaneous welding of the resulting carbon particles,t hereby giving rise to the formation of 3D porous carbon network...

Summary Research demonstrates that knowledge hiding has a detrimental effect on the knowledge hider himself or herself. Extending this area, the present research examines how and when knowledge hiders struggle to thrive at work. Integrating self‐perception theory and the socially embedded model of thriving, we propose that knowledge hiding negatively influences employees' thriving through psychological safety, and this influence is contingent on organizational cynicism. In Study 1a, a cross‐sectional survey of 214 Chinese participants from a general working population supported the mediating role of psychological safety in the knowledge hiding and thriving relationship. Study 1b verified this result using two‐wave data collected from 392 working adults in a panel that recruited participants mainly in Europe and North America. In addition to confirming the mediation with a two‐wave field survey conducted among 205 employees in three Chinese organizations, Study 2 supported the moderating role of organizational cynicism. Specifically, the negative effect of knowledge hiding on psychological safety was greater under higher levels of organizational cynicism, as was the indirect effect of knowledge hiding on thriving via psychological safety. These findings contribute to both the knowledge hiding and the thriving literature and provide practical implications for both the manager and the employee.

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Bruce Weinberg gratefully acknowledges support from UL1 TR002733. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications.

Two-dimensional conducting oxide (RuO2) nanosheet cathode enables Li–O2 batteries to be operated 50 cycles under full discharge–charge conditions with a specific capacity of ∼900 mAh g−1.

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