Besides the critical functions in hemostasis, thrombosis and the wounding process, platelets have been increasingly identified as active players in various processes in tumorigenesis, including angiogenesis and metastasis. Once activated, platelets can release bioactive contents such as lipids, microRNAs, and growth factors into the bloodstream, subsequently enhancing the platelet–cancer interaction and stimulating cancer metastasis and angiogenesis. The mechanisms of treatment failure of chemotherapeutic drugs have been investigated to be associated with platelets. Therefore, understanding how platelets contribute to the tumor microenvironment may potentially identify strategies to suppress cancer angiogenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. Herein, we present a review of recent investigations on the role of platelets in the tumor-microenvironment including angiogenesis, and metastasis, as well as targeting platelets for cancer treatment, especially in drug resistance.

Medical image analysis is one of the research fields that had huge benefits from deep learning in recent years. To earn a good performance, the learning model requires large scale data with full annotation. However, it is a big burden to collect a sufficient number of labeled data for the training. Since there are more unlabeled data than labeled ones in most of medical applications, self-supervised learning has been utilized to improve the performance. However, most of current methods for self-supervised learning try to understand only semantic features of the data, but have not fully utilized properties inherent in medical images. Specifically, in CT or MR images, the spatial or structural information contained in the dataset has not been fully considered. In this paper, we propose a novel method for self-supervised learning in medical image analysis that can exploit both semantic and spatial features at the same time. The proposed method is experimented in the problems of organ segmentation, intracranial hemorrhage detection and the results show the effectiveness of the method.

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