In this study, the effective exospheric temperature, derived from CHAMP and GRACE density measurements during 2002–2010, was utilized to develop a new exospheric temperature model (ETM) with the aid of the NRLMSIS 2.0 empirical model. We characterized the dominant modes of global exospheric temperature using the principal component analysis (PCA) method, and the first five derived empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) captured 98.2% of the total variability. The obtained mean field, first five EOFs and the corresponding amplitudes were applied to build ETM using the polynomial method. The ETM and NRLMSIS 2.0 models were independently validated by the SWARM-C and GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) density measurements. ETM can reproduce thermospheric density much better than the NRLMSIS 2.0 model, and the Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) of ETM predictions were approximately 26.45% and 26.17% for the SWARM-C and GRACE-FO tests, respectively, while they were 39.52% and 44.41% for the NRLMSIS 2.0 model. In addition, ETM can accurately capture the equatorial thermospheric anomaly feature, seasonal variation and hemispheric asymmetry in the thermosphere.
With the development of economy, online shopping has become more prominent, study found if a website has good quality dimensions will promote consumers to buy. Paper based on site characteristics, takes perceived risk and perceived emotional as intermediate variables using structural equation model (AMOS) to study consumers purchase intention. The results shown that the security impact on purchase intention by perceived risk, interactive and entertaining impact on purchase intention by perceived emotional, convenience and functionality directly impact on purchase intention.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.