N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) were demonstrated to be efficient catalysts for the Staudinger reaction of ketenes with N-tosyl, N-benzyloxycarbonyl, or N-tert-butoxycarbonyl imines. Chiral NHC 8b, conveniently prepared from L-pyroglutamic acid, catalyzed the reactions of arylalkylketenes with a variety of N-tert-butoxycarbonyl arylimines to give the corresponding cis-beta-lactams in good yields with good diastereoselectivities and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). Two possible catalytic pathways, initiated by the addition of NHC to ketenes or imines, were discussed.
A tandem reaction of benzyne with functionalized benzylidenephthalan for the synthesis of a variety of phenanthro[10,1-bc]furans has been achieved for the first time in moderate to good yields. The reaction mechanism involves a Diels–Alder reaction and an intermolecular nucleophilic addition reaction as the key steps.
A copper(ii) perchlorate-promoted tandem reaction of internal alkynol and salicyl N-tosylhydrazone provides a novel, concise method for constructing isochromeno[3,4-b]chromene in 35-94% yields. The tandem reaction involves cycloisomerization, formal [4+2] cycloaddition and an elimination process.
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