There is growing evidence that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with a higher risk of urolithiasis, but it has not yet been determined that this association is reproducible and consistent across different studies. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of these studies to examine the association between NAFLD and the risk of urolithiasis.We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Google scholar using terms "fatty liver" (OR "non-alcoholic fatty liver disease" OR "non-alcoholic steatohepatitis" OR "NAFLD" OR "NASH") AND "urolithiasis" (OR "nephrolithiasis" OR "kidney stone" OR "urinary calculi" OR "renal colic" OR "urologic disease"). Observational studies in which NAFLD and urolithiasis were diagnosed by either ultrasonography or computerized tomography were included.A total of 7 observational studies with 226,541 individuals (24.7% with NAFLD) and 19,184 urolithiasis (8.5%). NAFLD was significantly associated with an increased risk of urolithiasis (random effect odds ratio, OR 1.73, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.24-2.40, I=94.5%). Sensitivity analyses revealed the robustness of the results. Egger test and Begg test suggested no publication bias (P > .05).NAFLD is associated with an increased risk of urolithiasis. Therefore, patients with NAFLD should be carefully monitored for the development of urolithiasis.
Cerebral ischemia is one of the major global health problems, but the treatment for it is currently very limited. Tissue plasminogen activator, the only drug effective in the treatment of...
Immune checkpoint inhibitors can enhance the antitumor activity of the immune system by mainly promoting CD8+ T lymphocyte immune function. However, they can also induce immune-related adverse events, especially skin toxicity. Some studies found that patients with autoimmune or inflammatory disease are susceptible to immune checkpoint inhibitors and were associated with a significantly increased risk of immune-related adverse events. In our present report, we described a newly diagnosed non-small-cell lung cancer patient who suffered from focal vitiligo for approximately ten years and was treated with the anti-programmed cell death-1 receptor antibody camrelizumab (SHR-1210), which accelerated the aggravation of depigmentation of the skin over the whole body in just half a year.
Background and objective Epimedii has long been used as a traditional medicine in Asia for the treatment of various common diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, cancer, erectile dysfunction, and stroke. Studies have reported the ameliorative effects of Icariside II (ICS II), a major metabolite of Epimedii, on acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in animal models. Based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the effects and neuroprotective mechanisms of ICS II on AIS. Methods First, we have searched 6 databases using studies with ICS II treatment on AIS animal models to explore the efficacy of ICS II on AIS in preclinical studies. The literature retrieval time ended on March 8, 2022 (Systematic Review Registration ID: CRD42022306291). There were no restrictions on the language of the search strategy. Systematic review follows the Patient, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome (PICO) methodology and framework. SYCLE's RoB tool was used to evaluate the the risk of bias. In network pharmacology, AIS-related genes were identified and the target-pathway network was constructed. Then, these targets were used in the enrichments of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways and gene ontology (GO). Molecular docking and MD simulation were finally employed between ICS II and the potential target genes. Results Twelve publications were included describing outcomes of 1993 animals. The literature details, animal strains, induction models, doses administered, duration of administration, and outcome measures were extracted from the 12 included studies. ICS II has a good protective effect against AIS. Most of the studies in this systematic review had the appropriate methodological quality, but some did not clearly state the controlling for bias of potential study. Network pharmacology identified 246 targets with SRC, CTNNB1, HSP90AA1, MAPK1, and RELA as the core target proteins. Besides, 215 potential pathways of ICS II were identified, such as PI3K-Akt, MAPK, and cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. GO enrichment analysis showed that ICS II was significantly enriched in subsequent regulation such as MAPK cascade. Molecular docking and MD simulations showed that ICS II can closely bind with important targets. Conclusions ICS II is a promising drug in the treatment of AIS. However, this systematic review reveals key knowledge gaps (i.e., the protective role of ICS II in women) that ICS II must address before it can be used for the treatment of human AIS. Our study shows that ICS II plays a protective role in AIS through multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics, providing ideas for the development of drugs for the treatment of AIS.
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