Using a recently developed effective field theory for the interactions of nucleons at non-relativistic energies, we calculate non-perturbatively Coulomb corrections to proton-proton scattering. Including the dimension-eight derivative interaction in the PDS regularization scheme, we recover a modified form of the Blatt-Jackson relation between the scattering lengths. The effective range receives no corrections from the Coulomb interactions to this order. Also the case of scattering in channels where the Coulomb force is attractive, is considered. This is of importance for hadronic atoms.

We study the four channels associated with neutrino-deuteron breakup reactions at next-to-next-to-leading order in effective field theory. We find that the total cross section is indeed converging for neutrino energies up to 20 MeV, and thus our calculations can provide constraints on theoretical uncertainties for the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. We stress the importance of a direct experimental measurement to high precision in at least one channel, in order to fix an axial two-body counterterm.

Using a recently developed effective field theory for the interactions of nucleons at non-relativistic energies, we calculate the Coulomb corrections to proton-proton scattering. Including the dimension-eight derivative interaction in PDS regularization scheme, we obtain a modified Jackson-Blatt relation for the scattering lengths which is found to be phenomenologically satisfactory. The effective range is not modified by Coulomb effects to this order in the calculation. PACS: 03.65.Nk; 13.75.Cs; 25.40.C During the last year Kaplan, Savage and Wise have proposed an effective field theory for the interactions of nucleons at low energies [1]. These are characterized by scattering lengths which are much larger than the natural hadronic scale which in these systems is set by the pion mass. This made it initially difficult to construct consistent power counting rules which are necessary in any effective theory calculation to ensure that all contributions to a given order are included. By the introduction of a new regularization scheme called Power Divergence Subtraction (PDS) which is an extension of the more common MS scheme, these problems were solved. A very similar scheme was proposed at the same time by Gegelia[2]. Very recently, Mehen and Stewart [3] have made this off-shell scheme (OS) more well-defined and shown that it is in fact equivalent to the PDS scheme.Within this framework several applications to problems involving the deuteron have now been made[4] [5]. The first attempts to describe three-nucleon systems with two neutrons have also been initiated [6]. In this way the properties of the triton nucleus can be investigated. But also systems like 3 He with two protons are of obvious interest to consider in this new approach. For this to succeed, one must know how to include the repulsive Coulomb force between the two protons. As a first step in this direction we will here consider proton-proton scattering at very low energies.The effective Lagrangian for non-relativistic protons with mass M in the spin-singlet channel iswhen we only include the lowest order contact interaction parameterized by the coupling constant C 0 . It corresponds to the singular potential C 0 δ(r) which will affect interactions

SUMMARYTwo new eigenvalue inclusion sets for tensors are established. It is proved that the new eigenvalue inclusion sets are tighter than that in Qi's paper “Eigenvalues of a real supersymmetric tensor”. As applications, upper bounds for the spectral radius of a nonnegative tensor are obtained, and it is proved that these upper bounds are sharper than that in Yang's paper “Further results for Perron–Frobenius theorem for nonnegative tensors”. And some sufficient conditions of the positive definiteness for an even‐order real supersymmetric tensor are given. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Using a recently developed effective field theory for the interactions of nucleons at non-relativistic energies, we calculate the rate for the fusion process p + p → d + e + + ν e to leading order in the momentum expansion. Coulomb effects are included non-perturbatively in a systematic way. The resulting rate is independent of specific models for the strong interactions at short distances and is in agreement with the standard result in the zero-range approximation.The first step in the different nuclear processes in the Sun which generate the observed luminosity is proton-proton fusion p + p → d + e + + ν e [1]. It was explained more than sixty years ago by Bethe and Critchfield[2] when nuclear physics was still in its infancy. When the field had more matured, it was reconsidered in the light of more modern developments by Salpeter[3] and later by Bahcall and May [4]. But in spite of the enormous progress in nuclear physics during this time, the methods and approximations made in these different calculations were essentially the same. The obtained accuracy in the obtained fusion rate was just a few percent. Including higher order electromagnetic and strong corrections the uncertainty in the rate is now around one percent [5][6]. This is very impressive for a strongly interacting process at low energies very ordinary perturbation theory cannot be used.In the light of the importance this fundamental process plays in connection with the solar neutrino problem and possible neutrino oscillations[1], it is natural to reconsider this process from the point of view of modern quantum field theory instead of the old potential models used previously. A first attempt in this direction was made by Ivanov et al. [7]. They obtained then a result which was significantly different from the standard result based upon potential models. Subsequently it was pointed out by Bahcall and Kamionowski[8] that their effective nuclear interaction was not consistent with what is known about protonproton scattering at low energies where Coulomb effects are important.The approach of Ivanov et al. [7] is based upon relativistic field theory and should in principle yield reliable results. But it is well known that in particular for bound states like the deuteron it is very difficult to use consistently a relativistic formulation. Also the uncertain nuclear physics part of the fusion process under consideration takes place at

We present a power counting to include Coulomb effects in the three-nucleon system in a low-energy pionless effective field theory (EFT). With this power counting, the quartet S-wave proton-deuteron elastic scattering amplitude is calculated. The calculation includes next-to-leading order (NLO) Coulomb effects and next-to-next-to-leading order (N 2 LO) strong interaction effects, with an estimated theoretical error of ∼ 7%. The EFT results agree with potential model calculations and phase shift analysis of experimental data within the estimated errors.

Abstract:The rate for the fusion process p + p → d + e + + ν e is calculated using nonrelativistic effective field theory. Including the four-nucleon derivative interaction, results are obtained in next-to-leading order in the momentum expansion. This reproduces the effects of the effective range parameter. Coulomb interactions between the incoming protons are included nonperturbatively in a systematic way. The resulting fusion rate is independent of specific models and wavefunctions for the interacting nucleons. At this order in the effective Lagrangian there is an unknown counterterm which limits the numerical accuracy of the calculated rate given by the squared reduced matrix element Λ 2 (0) = 7.37. Assuming the counterterm to have a natural magnitude, we estimate the accuracy of this result to be 6% -8%. This is consistent with previous nuclear physics calculations based on effective range theory and inclusion of axial two-body weak currents. The true magnitude of the counterterm can be determined from a precise measurement of the cross-section for low-energy neutrino scattering on deuterons.

Long-term glucocorticoid (GC) treatment induces central fat accumulation and metabolic dysfunction. We demonstrate that microRNA-27b (miR-27b) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of GC-induced central fat accumulation. Overexpression of miR-27b had the same effects as dexamethasone (DEX) treatment on the inhibition of brown adipose differentiation and the energy expenditure of primary adipocytes. Conversely, antagonizing miR-27b function prevented DEX suppression of the expression of brown adipose tissue–specific genes. GCs transcriptionally regulate miR-27b expression through a GC receptor–mediated direct DNA-binding mechanism, and miR-27b suppresses browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) by targeting the three prime untranslated region of Prdm16. In vivo, antagonizing miR-27b function in DEX-treated mice resulted in the efficient induction of brown adipocytes within WAT and improved GC-induced central fat accumulation. Collectively, these results indicate that miR-27b functions as a central target of GC and as an upstream regulator of Prdm16 to control browning of WAT and, consequently, may represent a potential target in preventing obesity.