The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of brand equity and discuss its different perspectives, we try to review existing literature of brand equity and evaluate various Customer-based brand equity models to provide a collection from well-known databases for further research in this area.
This study applies 3-stage data envelopment (DEA) of 24 listed companies in the development zone of Hubei Province from 2012 to 2017 based on the panel data; we used the DEA-Tobit model and regression analysis method on the sample in order to measure the factors affecting the innovation efficiency of listed companies and the efficiency of corporate innovation. The results demonstrated that the innovation efficiency of listed companies in the development zone of Hubei Province is relatively low. It is necessary to improve the innovation system of the development zone and give the full initiative to the role of corporate innovation as a mainstay. The four environmental variables of the number of enterprises, government subsidies, foreign direct investment in the development zone, and fixed asset investment have a significant impact on innovation efficiency. The enterprise size, operating capacity, and state-owned shares of the company have a significant positive impact on the innovation efficiency. But the number of years of the establishment has a significant negative impact on innovation efficiency. Moreover, the quality of the workers is not significant. Therefore, we must increase government investment in innovation to expand the scale of listed companies in the development zone, improve the environment for foreign investment, further strengthen the construction of talented people of companies, and enhance the original ability of innovation.
This study examines the relationship between financial inclusion and economic growth of Rwanda using annual data from 2004 to 2016. We used ARDL as it is a new approach to the problem of testing the existence of a level relationship between a dependent variable and a set of regressors, when it is not known with certainty whether the underlying regressors are trend-or first-difference stationary as developed by Pesaran. The results of our study revealed that there is long-run relationship between financial inclusion and economic growth of Rwanda.
The aim of the investigation was to identify and explain impact of performance orientation and learning orientation on the elements of social capital. A research model was based on goal orientation and social capital theory. A critical literature review on cooperation, social capital and goal orientation was conducted and the foundation for research was built. Ultimately cooperation within research and development teams in textile industry in Uzbekistan was assessed. Findings suggest there is a positive impact of learning orientation on social capital. However, there is no significant influence of performance orientation on any element of social capital. Furthermore, the study confirms the value of social capital in explaining cooperation. Along with these findings, integration of goal orientation theory and social capital theory in the cooperation context is a major contribution of the research. The study helps managers and team members to better understand the importance of social capital generation on projects and in organizations. The developed concept can be used as a framework for facilitating cooperation for governments, research institutions, academic institutions and companies. There are also implications in the domains of staffing, training, organizational culture and motivating employees.
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