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Background: It remains unknown what the impacts of multiple dimensions of contact (e.g. level, quantity and quality) are on the stigma of mental illness. Aims: To explore the relationship between the multiple dimensions of contact and stigma of mental illness among family members (FM), mental health workers (MHW) and community residents (CR) in Hong Kong. Methods: The stigma, contact and knowledge were measured in FM, MHW and CR in Hong Kong. Multiple regression analyses were used. Results: MHW ( n = 141) had higher knowledge, more contact and lower stigma of mental illness than CR ( n = 95) or FM ( n = 62). Knowledge and contact quality were significantly associated with lower stigma of mental illness in the three groups. However, contact level and contact quantity were not significantly associated with most stigma components. The contact level was positively associated with stigma of mental illness among FM and CR. Conclusions: The results of this study highlight the differences in knowledge, contact and stigma of mental illness among different stakeholder groups. This study suggests that positive contact (e.g. equal, supportive, voluntary and pleasant contact) reduces stigma of mental illness, while negative contact (e.g. unfriendly, unsupportive, unpleasant contact) may increase stigma. The Enhancing Contact Model (ECM) should be tested in future anti-stigma interventions.

Background: Self-stigma exerts a range of adversities for persons with severe mental illness (SMI), however, little is known about the association between peer contact, social support and self-stigma. Aims: This study aimed to explore the mediating role of social support on the relationship between peer contact and self-stigma among persons with SMI in Hong Kong. Methods: A total of 159 persons with SMI (schizophrenia and mood disorder) in community service centres participated in the study through completing a survey on self-stigma, social functioning, social support, perception of peer contact and mass media. Logistic regression was utilised to explore the influencing factors of self-stigma among the participants. Results: The results showed that 81.1% of participants reported moderate to severe levels of self-stigma. Self-stigma was significantly associated with diverse factors (e.g. social functioning). Importantly, positive peer contact was significantly associated with lower self-stigma of persons with SMI. Social support acted as a mediator between peer contact and self-stigma. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that contact-based interventions, such as enhancing positive peer-to-peer contact, should be conducted for reducing self-stigma among persons with SMI.

This paper discusses the artistic processing techniques of Chinese traditional architectural stone carving, and describes the classification of stones, procedures of processing technology, transformations of artistic style in the development of the society, as well as comparisons of the style of the architectural stone carving between central plains and Guangdong Chaozhou and Shantou areas, formations of local characteristics and evolutions of each historical period. This paper also probes into the artistic processing techniques and esthetics of Chinese architectural stone carving, and initiates people to have profound understanding to the artistic values of Chinese traditional architectural stone carving, in order to provide references in modernization strategy, and enable new development of artistic processing of modern architectural stone carving.

Reasons of pathological changes of Lingnan ancient stone bridges are elaborated in this paper, classification of pathological changes and procedures of protection are discussed, methods of elimination of pathological changes and protection are also probed into. The purpose of this paper is to initiate people to have profound understanding to pathological changes of Lingnan ancient stone bridges to protect them in modernization strategy.