As a first-line treatment, radiotherapy (RT) is known to modulate the immune microenvironment of glioma, but it is unknown whether the meningeal lymphatic vessel (MLV)-cervical lymph node (CLN) network regulates the process or influences RT efficacy. Here, we show that the MLV-CLN network contributes to RT efficacy in brain tumors and mediates the RT-modulated anti-tumor immunity that is enhanced by vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C). Meningeal lymphatic dysfunction impaired tumor-derived dendritic cell (DC) trafficking and CD8+ T cell activation after RT, whereas tumors overexpressing VEGF-C with meningeal lymphatic expansion were highly sensitive to RT. Mechanistically, VEGF-C-driven modulation of RT-triggered anti-tumor immunity was attributed to C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 21 (CCL21)-dependent DC trafficking and CD8+ T cell activation. Notably, delivery of VEGF-C mRNA significantly enhanced RT efficacy and anti-tumor immunity in brain tumors. These findings suggest an essential role of the MLV-CLN network in RT-triggered anti-tumor immunity, and highlight the potential of VEGF-C mRNA for brain tumor therapy.
Heavy metals are the primary pollutants in agricultural soil and have hindered the sustainable development of agriculture. To control heavy metal pollution, it is essential to identify the pollution sources, particularly the prior source, in agricultural soils. In the current study, Qianguo Irrigation District, a typical agricultural region in Northeast China, was selected to be investigated for the source apportionment of soil heavy metals and identify the prior pollution source. The results showed that the study area was at a moderate pollution level with considerable ecological risk, while Hg and Cd were the main pollutants. Human-health risk assessment indicated that the non-carcinogenic risk for all populations was acceptable (HI < 1), and the carcinogenic risk was not negligible (10−6 < TCR < 10−4). The main pollution sources were concluded to be of lithogenic origin (35.5%), livestock manure (25.4%), coal combustion (21.5%), and chemical fertilizers (17.7%). Coal combustion was identified as the prior pollution source, accounting for 47.69% of the RI contribution. This study can provide scientific support for environmental management and pollution control of soil heavy metals in agricultural regions.
The use of cost-effective renewable raw materials to
develop electronic
devices has been strongly demanded for sustainable and biodegradable
green electronics. Here, by taking inspiration from the traditional
calligraphy and kirigami/origami arts, we show a novel cuttable and
foldable all-paper touch–temperature sensors fabricated by
simply brushing the carbon black ink onto the cellulose paper followed
by a layer–layer lamination strategy. The use of environmentally
friendly common commodities in daily life including carbon black ink
and cellulose paper as the main component materials of sensors effectively
lowers the cost and has positive impacts on the environment and health.
The sensors can be freely cut or folded into the targeted shapes and
can even reversibly morph between 2D and 3D configurations without
affecting device function. Additionally, the sensors show a discrimination
capability toward pressure and temperature. Our fabrication strategy
provides a promising approach for creating the low-cost eco-friendly
sensors with a versatile pattern design and a morphing shape without
sacrificing the global structural integrity and device functionality.
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