BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with poor health status later in life. The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between ACEs and health-related behaviors, chronic diseases, and mental health in adults.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed with 1501 residents of Macheng, China. The ACE International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) was used to assess ACEs, including psychological, physical, and sexual forms of abuse, as well as household dysfunction. The main outcome variables were lifetime drinking status, lifetime smoking status, chronic diseases, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between overall ACE score and individual ACE component scores and risk behaviors/comorbidities in adulthood after controlling for potential confounders.ResultsA total of 66.2% of participants reported at least one ACE, and 5.93% reported four or more ACEs. Increased ACE scores were associated with increased risks of drinking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.09, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.00–1.09), chronic disease (AOR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.06–1.28), depression (AOR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.27–1.48), and posttraumatic stress disorder (AOR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.23–1.42) in adulthood. After adjusting for confounding factors, the individual ACE components had different impacts on risk behavior and health, particularly on poor mental health outcomes in adulthood.ConclusionsACEs during childhood were significantly associated with risk behaviors and poor health outcomes in adulthood, and different ACE components had different long-term effects on health outcomes in adulthood.

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This paper first uses a decoupling modeling method to model legged robots. The method groups all the degrees of freedom according to the number of limbs, regarding each limb as a manipulator with serial structure, which greatly reduces the number of dynamic parameters that need to be identified simultaneously. On this basis, a step-by-step identification method from the end-effector link to the base link, referred to as “E-B” identification method, is proposed. Simulation verification is carried out on a quadruped robot with 16 degrees of freedom in Gazebo, and the validity of the method proposed is discussed.

A self-propelled rotary cutting tool (SPRT) can be used in metal machining at higher cutting speeds with much longer tool life than conventional cutting tools because of the continuous rotation of its round tool insert driven by cutting force. The paper presents a theoretical calculation of cutting speed and feed rate for the SPRT together with practical concerns. Based on the research results and industrial experience the principles for choosing depth of cut in turning and face milling and general considerations concerning the application of the tools are detailed.