Tumor immunotherapy, particularly the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, has yielded impressive clinical benefits. Therefore, it is critical to accurately screen individuals for immunotherapy sensitivity and forecast its efficacy. With the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the medical field in recent years, an increasing number of studies have indicated that the efficacy of immunotherapy can be better anticipated with the help of AI technology to reach precision medicine. This article focuses on the current prediction models based on information from histopathological slides, imaging-omics, genomics, and proteomics, and reviews their research progress and applications. Furthermore, we also discuss the existing challenges encountered by AI in the field of immunotherapy, as well as the future directions that need to be improved, to provide a point of reference for the early implementation of AI-assisted diagnosis and treatment systems in the future.
Specific imaging of cellular senescence emerges as a
promising
strategy for early diagnosis and treatment of various age-related
diseases. The currently available imaging probes are routinely designed
by targeting a single senescence-related marker. However, the inherently
high heterogeneity of senescence makes them inaccessible to achieve
specific and accurate detection of broad-spectrum cellular senescence.
Here, we report the design of a dual-parameter recognition fluorescent
probe for precise imaging of cellular senescence. This probe remains
silent in non-senescent cells, yet produces bright fluorescence after
sequential responses to two senescence-associated markers, namely,
SA-β-gal and MAO-A. In-depth studies reveal that this probe
allows for high-contrast imaging of senescence, independent of the
cell source or stress type. More impressively, such dual-parameter
recognition design further allows it to distinguish senescence-associated
SA-β-gal/MAO-A from cancer-related β-gal/MAO-A, compared
to commercial or previous single-marker detection probes. This study
offers a valuable molecular tool for imaging cellular senescence,
which is expected to significantly expand the basic studies on senescence
and facilitate advances of senescence-related disease theranostics.
Specific intervention of senescent cells (SnCs) is emerging as a powerful means to counteract aging and agerelated diseases. Canonical methods are generally designed to target SnC-associated signaling pathways, which are however dynamically changing and highly heterogeneous in SnCs, significantly limiting the effectiveness. Here, we present a tailor-made molecular prodrug targeting lysosome dysfunction, a unique feature shared by virtually all types of SnCs. The prodrug comprises three modules all targeting the altered lysosomal programs in SnCs, namely, a recognizing unit towards the elevated lysosome content, a linker cleavable by the activated lysosomal enzyme, and a lysosomotropic agent targeting the increased lysosomal membrane sensitivity. This spatially confined design enables killing broad-spectrum SnCs, with high specificity over non-SnCs. Along with in vivo benefits, this work offers a way to significantly expand the applicability of senotherapy in a wide range of diseases.
Specific intervention of senescent cells (SnCs) is emerging as a powerful means to counteract aging and agerelated diseases. Canonical methods are generally designed to target SnC-associated signaling pathways, which are however dynamically changing and highly heterogeneous in SnCs, significantly limiting the effectiveness. Here, we present a tailor-made molecular prodrug targeting lysosome dysfunction, a unique feature shared by virtually all types of SnCs. The prodrug comprises three modules all targeting the altered lysosomal programs in SnCs, namely, a recognizing unit towards the elevated lysosome content, a linker cleavable by the activated lysosomal enzyme, and a lysosomotropic agent targeting the increased lysosomal membrane sensitivity. This spatially confined design enables killing broad-spectrum SnCs, with high specificity over non-SnCs. Along with in vivo benefits, this work offers a way to significantly expand the applicability of senotherapy in a wide range of diseases.
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