The synthesis of ammonia has been studied in methane-nitrogen plasmas using a micro-gap discharge under an environmentally friendly condition. The effects of some parameters such as the specific input energy, the discharge gap, the volume ratio of CH 4 / N 2 , the residence time, and the gas temperature on the yield of NH 3 and conversion rate of CH 4 are discussed in the paper. The results show that the highest yield of NH 3 is 8000 ppm for a residence time of 1.6 s. In addition, the yield and generating rate of H 2 are 9.1% (v/v) and 1879.8 lmol/min, respectively. Therefore, the micro-gap discharge is an efficient method for NH 3 synthesis and H 2 generation from CH 4.
A pilot-scale experiment of 20t/h for the treatment of ship's ballast water was done in this paper. With the method of strong ionization discharge of dielectric barrier, O 2 in air and H 2 O at gas state are ionized and dissociated into large numbers of OH • radicals, and then dissolved into a part of ballast water to form dissolved OH • with the concentration of 24.3 mg/L. When the dissolved OH • concentration is 0.63 mg/L, the kill efficiencies of bacteria, mono-algae, protozoan reached 100% within 2.67 s. The contents of chl-a, chl-b, chl-c and carotenoid were decreased to 35-64% within 8.0 s and not be tested after 5 min. At the same time, the ballast water quality was greatly improved. Therefore, the treatment of ship's ballast water using OH • radicals is a kind of advanced oxidation technology, which is considered as zero pollution, zero emission and zero residual in the process of the production, of OH • radicals and the treatment of ballast water.
A Pilot-scale experiment for the treatment of red tide in the enclosure was done in sea area of Shandong Province, P.R. China on Aug. 25, 2002. With the method of micro-gap discharge, O 2 in air and H 2 O in seawater are ionized and dissociated into large numbers of OH • radicals, and then dissolved into a part of seawater to form OH • solution of high concentration. With OH • concentration of 0.68 mg/L, the kill efficiencies of 29 kinds of red tide organisms such as Chaetoceros lorenzianus and so on reached 99.89%, in which bacterium and vibrio were reduced below the detection limit, also Gonyaulax cysts and Prei. Cysts with the crust were done the lowest limit of test. At the same time, the content of chlorophyll-a was decreased below the detection limit. DO (dissolved oxygen) saturation of seawater was greatly increased to 100% because the residual OH • radical was decomposed into H 2 O and O 2 after 20 min. Therefore the treatment of red tide using OH • radicals is a kind of advanced oxidation technology, which realizes zero pollution, zero emission and zero residual in the process of the production of OH • radicals and the treatment of red tide.
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