Tungsten (W) doping effects on Ge2Sb2Te5 (GSTW) phase change films with different concentrations (3.2, 7.1, and 10.8%) have been investigated by variable-temperature spectroscopic ellipsometry. The dielectric functions from 210 K to 660 K have been evaluated with the aid of Tauc-Lorentz and Drude dispersion models. The analysis of Tauc gap energy (Eg) and partial spectral weight integral reveal the correlation between optical properties and local structural change. The order degree increment and chemical bond change from covalent to resonant should be responsible for band gap narrowing and electronic transition enhancement during the phase change process. It is found that the elevated crystalline temperature for GSTW can be related to improved disorder degree. Furthermore, the shrinkage of Eg for GSTW should be attributed to the enhanced metallicity compared with undoped GST.
h00)-oriented BaTiO 3 ceramics were prepared by tape casting using plate-like BaTiO 3 particles as a template. XRD results showed that the degree of orientation of the ceramics is increased from 0.0% to 85.3% by the addition of BaTiO 3 template from 0 wt% to 15 wt%, then decreased to 40.7% with further increasing the template to 30wt%. Their piezoelectric properties were measured using a resonance-antiresonance method and d 33 meter. It is showed that the piezoelectric properties of oriented samples were increased with increasing degree of orientation. The mass fraction of the template was optimized to achieve improved piezoelectric properties, which was found to be 85.3% with a piezoelectric constant d 33 of 320 pC/N.
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