The electrochemical performance is significantly influenced
by
the structure and surface morphology of the electrode materials used
in supercapacitors. Using the floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition
(FCCVD) technique, a self-supporting, flexible layer of continuously
reinforced carbon nanotube woven film (CNWF) was developed. Then,
polyaniline (PANI) was formed in the conductive network of CNWF using
cyclic voltammetry electrochemical polymerization (CVEP) in various
aqueous electrolytes to produce a series of flexible CNWF/PANI composite
films. The impacts of the CVEP period, electrolyte type, and electrolyte
concentration on the surface morphology, doping degree, and hydrophilicity
of CNWF/PANI composite films were thoroughly examined. The CNWF/PANI1-15C composite electrode, which was created using 15 cycles
of CVEP in a solution of 1 M sodium bisulfate, displayed a distinctive
coral-like PANI layer with a well-defined sharp nanoprotuberance structure,
a 48% doping degree, and a quick reversible pseudocapacitive storage
mechanism. At a current density of 1 A g–1, the
energy density and specific capacitance reached 54.9 Wh kg–1 and 1098.0 F g–1, respectively, with a specific
capacitance retention rate of 75.9% maintained at 10 A g–1. Both the specific capacitance and coulomb efficiency were maintained
at 96.9% and more than 98.1% of their initial values after being subjected
to 2000 cycles of galvanostatic charge and discharge, demonstrating
excellent electrochemical cycling stability. The CNWF/PANI1-15C composite film, an ideal electrode material, offers a promising
future in the field of flexible energy storage due to its exceptional
mechanical properties (127.9 MPa tensile strength and 16.2% elongation
at break).
Sensitive and quantitative analysis of pentachlorophenol (PCP) is especially important in the field of ecology and agriculture. Herein, a highly sensitive and stable Ru(bpy) 3
2+-based anodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) system utilizing nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) as a novel co-reactant was firstly constructed to detect PCP. In this system, Ru(bpy) 3 2+ was used as luminophor, while NGQDs were applied as co-reactant in place of the toxic and volatile tripropylamine. The novel co-reactant not only promoted the luminous efficiency of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ , but also improved the stability of the ECL system. In addition, the enhancement mechanism of NGQDs on Ru(bpy) 3 2+ and quenching mechanism of PCP on Ru(bpy) 3
2+/NGQDs were investigated in detail. Under the optimum conditions, the as-fabricated sensor for ultrasensitive PCP determination expressed a wider linear range of 1 Â 10 À15 to 1 Â 10 À5 g mL À1 and a lower detection limit of 2 Â 10 À17 g mL À1 with good stability and repeatability. Furthermore, based on the distinctive advantages of the novel ECL sensor, it was successfully used to detect PCP in tap water and river water, and satisfactory recoveries were obtained.
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