Garlic is widely accepted as a functional food and an excellent source of pharmacologically active ingredients. Diallyl disulfide (DADS), a major bioactive component of garlic, has several beneficial biological functions, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective, and anticancer activities. This review systematically evaluated the biological functions of DADS and discussed the underlying molecular mechanisms of these functions. We hope that this review provides guidance and insight into the current literature and enables future research and the development of DADS for intervention and treatment of multiple diseases.

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BackgroundSenescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has recently been found to drive comorbid diabetes and periodontitis by inducing a chronic, low‐degree inflammatory state. Here, we sought to explore the relationship between circulating SASP and the severity of type 2 diabetes‐associated periodontitis (DP).MethodsEighty patients (middle‐aged periodontitis, M‐P group; aged periodontitis, A‐P group; M‐DP group; and A‐DP group; n = 20) provided gingival epithelium, serum, and periodontal clinical parameters. Circulating levels of 12 DP‐related SASP factors were analyzed by immunoassay. Correlation between periodontal clinical parameters and circulating SASP levels was analyzed by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and back propagation artificial neural network (BPNN). Senescence markers (p16, p21, and HMGB1) in gingiva were determined by immunofluorescence assay.ResultsM‐DP group had increased serum levels of twelve SASP factors compared with the M‐P group (p < 0.5). Serum levels of IL‐6, IL‐4, and RAGE were higher in the A‐DP group than the A‐P group (p < 0.5). The circulating concentrations of certain SASP proteins, including IL‐1β, IL‐4, MMP‐8, OPG, RANKL, and RAGE were correlated with the clinical parameters of DP. BPNN showed that serum SASP levels had considerable predictive value for CAL of DP. Additionally, the DP group had higher expressions of p16, p21, and cytoplasmic‐HMGB1 in the gingiva than the P group (p < 0.5).ConclusionsSignificantly enhanced circulating SASP levels and aggravated periodontal destruction were observed in patients with DP. Importantly, a non‐negligible association between serum SASP levels and the severity of DP was found.