Abstract. Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease that may develop due ageing, obesity, strain, congenital abnormal joints, joint deformity or trauma. It is caused by many factors, such as degradation of articular cartilage injury, joint edge and subchondral bone hyperplasia of reactivity. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood sample that contains highly concentrated platelets and multiple cell growth factors. PRP promotes synovial cell proliferation and differentiation and may recover cartilage morphology. In the present study, the clinical efficacy of PRP was investigated in patients with knee osteoarthritis aged between 18 and 30 years in a phase-III clinical study. Following an 8-week baseline, patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomized into once-weekly, double-blind treatment with PRP (2-14 ml) or placebo groups. The results indicated that patients with osteoarthritis treated with PRP had modulated plasma concentrations of inflammatory factors and pro-angiogenic factors compared with the placebo group. Treatment responses were assessed by median percent reduction in inflammatory and pro-angiogenic factors and these improved with PRP treatment compared with the placebo. Clinical data indicated that PRP alleviated knee osteoarthritis and reduced humoral and cellular immune responses that led to beneficial effects on histological parameters. Inflammation was significantly alleviated in patients receiving PRP compared with the placebo group. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events in the presence of PRP were hypertension and proteinuria. In conclusion, treatment with PRP for patients with knee osteoarthritis presented beneficial effects in alleviating joint inflammation, cartilage destruction and bone damage, and repairing joint tissue. These results suggested that PRP may be a potential therapeutic agent for knee osteoarthritis.
Simple immuno-magnetic separation tandem fluorescent probes based on quantum dots-antibody (QDs-Ab) were developed to detect Salmonella with sensitivity of 500 cfu mL−1. With two monoclonal antibodies, which recognize different antigenic determinant on the surface of Salmonella, we prepared antibody-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and conjugates of QDs-Ab. The immune-magnetic beads were verified with high enrichment efficiency for Salmonella (90%). A sandwich structure formed if the Salmonella solution was mixed together with immune-beads and QDs-Ab, and the fluorescent single from QDs was related to the amount of Salmonella. A linear response between fluorescence intensity and various concentrations of Salmonella (2.5 × 103 to 1.95 × 108 cfu mL−1) were observed with this proposed method. The total assay time for Salmonella was 30 min, and no cross-reaction to other microbial strains, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7), were found using this detection system. All our results showed that the simple homogeneous immunoassay could be applied in Salmonella screening without time-consuming extra-enrichment of bacteria.
For the development of class-specific antibody against pyrethroids, four haptens were designed and synthesised. A hybridoma 3E9 was successfully selected for production of antibody, which originated from mouse immunised with conjugates of hapten 1 [(RS)-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-2, 2, 3, 3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid] and keyhole limpet hemocyanin. A sensitive general immunoassay was developed with a monoclonal antibody from 3E9 cell line and coating antigen from conjugates of hapten 4 [N-(3-phenoxybenzoyl)-4-amino-L-phenylalanine] and bovine serum albumin. Under the optimised conditions, the antibody has good recognition to cypermethrin with 50% inhibition concentration (IC 50 ) value of 1.790.76 ng mL (1 . The cross-reaction to analogues was calculated as 12% for fenpropathrin, 4% for esfenvalerate. Besides, the antibody showed affinity to bifenthrin, deltamethrin and fenvalerate in different degrees with IC 50 value ranging from 191.8 to 298.5 ng mL (1 . The performance of this immunoassay was evaluated by fortified real water samples with three representative compounds. Recoveries were 76Á118%, and the results showed that this immunoassay could be applied to monitor pyrethroid residues.
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