Increasing organic fertilizer application can improve the sustainability of soil productivity, but the effects of increased organic fertilizer application with reduced chemical fertilizer application over different time periods on chemical properties and bacterial community of grape rhizosphere soil in an arid region are not clear. In this study, three years of fixed-point field tests were used to compare the effects of various fertilization treatments on the soil properties and bacterial community in the grape rhizosphere. The results showed that (1) T1 and T2 significantly increased SOM, AN, AP and AK contents in grape rhizosphere soil. TN, TP and TK contents in grape leaves of T2 were the highest of those in five fertilization treatments. (2) The abundances of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla and especially of Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Nitrosopira and Bacillus genera were higher in T2 than in the other samples. (3) SOM, AP and AN contents in soil were the main factors affecting soil bacterial community and mineral element contents in grape leaves and roots according to an RDA analysis. In summary, the application of organic fertilizer with reduced chemical fertilizer for two years had the greatest impact on the soil properties and bacterial community of the grape rhizosphere soil. Soil microbes play an important role in maintaining soil productivity through biochemical processes such as litter decomposition and nutrient recycling 1. The soil microbial community is an important factor influencing plant health because plant disease resistance mainly relies on the rhizosphere microbial community 2. Microbes are regarded as early warning indicators of soil quality because of their rapid response and sensitivity to environmental changes 3. Soil properties are greatly influenced by agronomic practices such as tillage, irrigation, and fertilization 4. Fertilization is widely used worldwide to improve soil fertility. Excessive fertilizer application aggravates the decline of soil organic matter and fertility and accelerates soil acidification 5. Soil properties affect the community structure of soil microbes 6. Fertilization influences soil microbial diversity through direct effects on the soil nutrient content 7. Soil microbial communities are sensitive to fertilization and their responses to manure and/or mineral fertilizers in soils have been well studied over the past several years 8,9. The long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer or nitrogen fertilizer in combination with other mineral fertilizers affects the nitrogen cycle and related bacterial populations 10. Repeated overuse of chemical fertilizer can have a negative effect on soil quality and soil microbial community structure. The long-term application of chemical fertilizers can significantly reduce soil pH which is closely associated with decreased bacterial diversity and significant changes in bacterial community composition, livestock manures can prevent soil acidification and its effects on soil bacteria 11. Geisseler and Scow found that with...
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