Strengthening urban resilience is one of the main goals of urban mitigation. This document explains the concept of urban mitigation and urban resilience and demonstrates spatial relevance of hazard and vulnerability. From three levels, including urban scale, urban spatial structure and urban open space, spatial design methods for urban mitigation to strength urban resilience, namely resistance, adaptability and transformation are proposed based on characteristics of different phases of disaster process.
The integrated innovation satisfies new market or customer needs by combination of different technologies. The integration requires that element must be optimized, matched, and then combined into a whole technology system while not simply piling and regrouping. This paper put forward the functions as basis of technology selection. Axiomatic design is introduced to aid to decomposing the function and structure with its framework of independence axiom to minimize the dependence of functions of product. The design matrices and full design matrix indicate the interrelations between all functions and technologies. The new technology is chosen to implement the desired functions that satisfy more customer needs and then integrated into a whole system according to the interactions of functions.
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