Toner powder is an important constituent of a toner cartridge for a laser printer and has potential hazards of combustion and explosion because of its physicochemical characteristics. In this paper, physicochemical, combustible and explosive characteristics of hpQ2612A toner are investigated experimentally. The mean size of the toner powder is about 2.45 μm and it has several organic groups such as carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and carbonyl group which make the toner dust much easier to combust. The TG-DSC curves show that the toner dust is combustible and the combustion process starts at about 368 . The dust explosion characteristics of the toner dust were, respectively: MIE=5~30 mJ, Pmax=0.74 MPa, (dP/dt)max=100.5 MPa/s, LEL=40~50 g/m3. These results reveal that the toner powder is a dangerous industry dust and has the possibility to make tragedy such as combustion or even explosion.
The time-varying thermal stresses of a concrete pier are actively studied in this study with the aiding of the commercial package ANSYS. Thermal boundary conditions are utilized to obtain the temperature distribution of the concrete bridge pier. The surface temperature of the pier is measured by using a thermal infrared imager at different time instants. The different boundary conditions are applied to determine the structural temperature distribution and compute the thermal deformation. The made observations demonstrate that the horizontal deformation is much larger than that in vertical deformation due to the influence of the constraints on the top and bottom sides of the pier. The thermal stresses of the example bridge pier are not very large except for the local areas on top of the piers. It is seen that the numerical models can successfully predict the structural time-varying temperature effects
Thermal compression is effective for solid-liquid separation of various materials. In this paper, thermal compression was applied on the dewatering of sewage sludge with coal as a filter aid. Experiments with 0.25-1 mm coal particles (0.2 kg coal/kg dry sludge solid) obtained cakes of solid content over 49%. Higher dosage of coal generated cakes with lower moisture content. The combustion behavior of the sludge cake was studied using TG/DTG analysis. The results showed that a total weight loss of 65.1% occurred from 25 °C to 800 °C, including two major weight loss stages corresponding to loss of moisture and volatile materials respectively.
The paper elaborates on the operating principle and technical features of the thermo-compression drying process, the kinetics involved in the dewatering process, and the technological process system and equipment used. It is demonstrated by the case of the treatment of tail mine using the thermo-compression drying process that the moisture content of the products can reach lower than 12%.
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