The transport of pathogenic bacteria from wastewater treatment facilities in subsurface has attracted extensive concerns over recent decades, while the impact of effluent water chemistry remains unclear. The influence of retention time in effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant on bacterial surface properties and deposition of Escherichia coli strains in saturated quartz sand packed-bed columns was investigated in this paper. Retentions in effluent significantly altered bacterial surface properties, such as zeta potential, surface charge and hydrophobicity, subsequently changed their deposition rate coefficients and attachment efficiencies in quartz sand packed-bed columns. Under low ionic strength conditions, bacterial deposition onto quartz sand grains was in agreement with the predictions of DLVO theory, in which the secondary energy minimum was demonstrated to be predominant.
11 Older children especially from seven to thirteen years old are more prone to develop 12 Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection; in winter children are more susceptible to infect 13 with MP. In Beijing, China in 2016 the rates of macrolide resistance of MP were 69.48% (in 14 total children), 61.59% (in outpatients) and 79.28% (in hospitalized patients), respectively. 15 All the macrolide resistant isolates harbored A2063G or A2064G mutation in the 23S rRNA 16 gene. Seven isolates showed a mixed infection. Susceptibility results showed that 73 isolates 17 with the A2063G mutation demonstrated different levels resistance to erythromycin (MIC=8 18 to>256μg/ml), azithromycin (MIC=8 to>64μg/ml) and josamycin (MIC=2 to 8μg/ml). No 19 cross-resistance was observed in the in the antibiotics of levofloxacin and tetracycline against 20 MP. 21 22
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