Our study showed that quantitative radiomic imaging features of breast tumor extracted from digital mammograms are associated with breast cancer subtypes. Future larger studies are needed to further evaluate the findings.
As the skull induces strong aberrations in phase and amplitude during transcranial treatment of brain surgery, high-intensity focused ultrasound suffers degradation in beam shape and deposits significant heat in the skull which may cause thermal damage to the bone and surrounding tissue. The goal of this study is to optimize the transcranial pressure and thermal fields to reduce thermal damage to the skull and simultaneously concentrate more energy in the focal region and make its size controllable during transcranial brain tumor treatment by modulating the excitation signals of the transducer array (including the phase and amplitude) and superposing the signals used to reduce peak pressure in the skull. A 3D numerical model was developed based on the reconstructed images from high-resolution CT scans of a human skull and a 64-element phased array to simulate acoustic propagation and thermal behavior calculated by the finite-difference time domain method. The simulation showed that more energy was focused at the setting target with little temperature elevation in the skull after correcting phase and amplitude and reducing peak pressure in the skull; through modulating the input intensity of arrays, the volume of focal regions located off-axis could be made equal to the volume achieved with on-axis focusing.
Cancer treatments with conventional approaches often result in limited clinical outcomes due to inefficient therapeutic efficacy and cumulative toxicity against normal tissue. Recently, most research has focused on combined therapeutic studies by functional carriers. In this study, functional nanoparticles (FNPs) are assembled in a layer‐by‐layer fashion. FNPs are loaded with two drugs (10‐hydroxycamptothecin and apoptin plasmid) with dual hepatocellular carcinoma‐targeting ligands (lactobionic acid and biotin) on the surface. Cytotoxicity studies and acute toxicity experiments in BAL b/c mice show that blank FNPs demonstrate good biocompatibility. Flow cytometry analysis and cytotoxicity studies demonstrate that the dual‐targeting FNPs allow for better specificity and selectivity of the tumor mass. FNPs can escape from endosomal/lysosomal compartments effectively, as is demonstrated using the Cell Navigator lysosome staining kit. When the drugs are released into the cytosol, the nuclear localization signal can enhance the nuclear delivery of 10‐hydroxycamptothecin loaded carriers and apoptin plasmids, as is demonstrated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. In vivo experiments show the circulation time and tissue distribution of FNPs, which greatly improve the therapeutic efficacy of BAL b/c nude mice with subcutaneous tumors. Taken together, the results suggest that FNPs are a promising candidate for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy.
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