Background Proteinuria is one of the common manifestations of patients with preeclampsia (PE), but whether the severity of proteinuria is related to the pregnancy outcome of patients with preeclampsia remains controversial. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between 24-h proteinuria and adverse outcomes in patients with preeclampsia. Methods The present retrospective study included 329 pregnant women in Chongqing, China. Patients were divided into PE group and non-PE group. PE group was stratified into three subgroups based on the level of 24-h proteinuria. Correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between biochemical indexes and adverse pregnancy outcome, and Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of adverse pregnancy outcome. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the ability of 24-h urinary protein to distinguish the adverse pregnancy outcome in patients with preeclampsia. Results (1) Between PE and non-PE group, cesarean section rate in PE group was significantly higher than that in non-PE group (84.4% vs. 25.9%, p <  0.001). Laboratory findings such as uric acid and creatinine level in PE group were higher than those in non-PE group. (2) Among mild (proteinuria < 0.3 g/24 h), moderate (0.3 g/24 h ≦ proteinuria < 2 g/24 h) and massive (proteinuria ≧ 2 g/24 h) groups, the frequencies of induced labor (p = 0.006) and stillbirth (p = 0.002) increased with the increase of 24-h proteinuria. (3) Adverse outcomes were positively correlated with 24-h proteinuria (adverse maternal outcomes: r = 0.239, p = 0.002; adverse fetal outcomes: r = 0.336, p <  0.001). (4) The best 24-h proteinuria cutoff values to determine stillbirth, premature and fetal distress were 3965.0 mg/24 h, 984.75 mg/24 h and 1503.85 mg/24 h and their odds ratio (95% confidence interval) were 12.46 (3.46–44.88), 2.48 (1.15–5.37) and 10.02 (2.14–46.80), respectively. Conclusions The severity of 24-h proteinuia may forecast adverse outcomes in women with preeclampsia. We suggest proteinuria should be retained as one of the monitoring indexes in patients with preeclampsia. Trial registration Retrospectively registered. (LTMCMTS202001).

Fe-based amorphous/nanocrystalline coatings with smooth, compact interior structure and low porosity were fabricated via supersonic plasma spraying (SPS). The coatings showed outstanding corrosion resistance in a 3.5% NaCl solution at room temperature. In order to analyze the effect of annealing treatment on the microstructure, corrosion resistance and microhardness, the as-sprayed coating was annealed for 1 h under different temperatures such as 350, 450, 550 and 650 °C, respectively. The results showed that the number of oxides and cracks in the coatings presented an obvious increase with increasing annealing temperature, and the corrosion resistance of the coatings showed an obvious reduction. However, the microhardness of coatings showed an important increase. The microhardness of the coating could reach 1018 HV when the heat treatment temperature reached 650 °C. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that there appeared a number of crystalline phases in the coating when the heat treatment temperature was at 650 °C. The crystalline phases led to the increase of the microhardness.

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Background: Proteinuria is one of the common manifestations of patients with preeclampsia(PE), but whether the severity of proteinuria is related to the pregnancy outcome of patients with preeclampsia remains controversial. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between 24-hour proteinuria and adverse outcomes in patients with preeclampsia.Methods: Retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 329 pregnant women in Chongqing City. Patients were divided into PE group and non-PE group. PE group was divided into three subgroups according to the level of 24-hour proteinuria. Correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between biochemical indexes and adverse pregnancy outcome, and Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of adverse pregnancy outcome. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the ability of 24-hour urinary protein to distinguish the adverse pregnancy outcome in patients with preeclampsia. Results: (1) Among mild (proteinuria < 0.3g/24h), moderate (0.3g/24h ≦ proteinuria < 2g/24h) and massive (proteinuria ≧ 2g/24h) groups, the frequencies of induced labor (p = 0.006), hypoproteinemia (p < 0.001) and stillbirth (p = 0.002) increased according to the severity of 24-hour proteinuria. Patients with a proteinuria > 2g/24h had a shorter gestational week (p < 0.001) and a higher preterm delivery rate (p = 0.009). (2) Adverse pregnant outcome was positively correlated with 24-hour proteinuria (adverse maternal outcomes: r = 0.239, p = 0.002; adverse fetal outcomes: r = 0.336, p < 0.001). (3) The best 24-hour proteinuria cutoff value to determine adverse outcomes was 872.09 mg/24h (p < 0.001), odds ratios (95% confidence interval, CI) was 5.03 (2.60-9.74). For hypoproteinemia, the best value was 1935 mg/24h (p < 0.001) and ORs (95% CIs) was 6.7(2.6-17.4). For stillbirth, premature and intrauterine distress the best value were 3965.0mg/24h, 984.75mg/24h and 1503.85mg/24h and ORs (95%CIs) were 12.46 (3.46-44.88), 2.48 (1.15-5.37) and 10.02 (2.14-46.80), respectively.Conclusions: The severity of 24-hour proteinuia may forecast adverse outcomes in women with preeclampsia. We suggest proteinuria should be retained as a prognostic indicator for patients with preeclampsia.Trial registration: retrospectively registered.

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