Climate warming and elevated ozone (eO3) are important climate change components that can affect plant growth and plant-microbe interactions. However, the resulting impact on soil carbon (C) dynamics, as well as the underlying mechanisms, remains unclear. Here, we show that warming, eO3, and their combination induce tradeoffs between roots and their symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and stimulate organic C decomposition in a nontilled soybean agroecosystem. While warming and eO3 reduced root biomass, tissue density, and AMF colonization, they increased specific root length and promoted decomposition of both native and newly added organic C. Also, they shifted AMF community composition in favor of the genus Paraglomus with high nutrient-absorbing hyphal surface over the genus Glomus prone to protection of soil organic C. Our findings provide deep insights into plant-microbial interactive responses to warming and eO3 and how these responses may modulate soil organic C dynamics under future climate change scenarios.
Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is a potent greenhouse gas that has a global warming potential 298 times that of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ; IPCC, 2014). It is also the most important depleting substance of the stratospheric ozone (O 3 ;Ravishankara et al., 2009). Terrestrial soils accounts for ~60% of all global N 2 O emissions, with 7.0-9.0 Tg year −1 from natural soils (Syakila & Kroeze, 2011;Tian et al., 2016). Soil N 2 O emissions are mainly produced by nitrifying and denitrifying microbes
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