Efficient risk communication is aimed at improving the supply of risk information to meet the information needs of individuals, thus reducing their vulnerability when facing the risk of emergency. There is little information available in the literature regarding information preference from an individual’s need perspective, and there is a lack of differentiation in evaluation between information need and supply. Under the guidance of the crisis stage analysis theory, using multiple response analysis and weighted analysis methods, this study explores earthquake disaster information content and communication channel preferences, and develops an information deviation index (IDI) to evaluate the efficiency of risk communication before, during, and after an earthquake. A questionnaire-based survey of 918 valid respondents in Songyuan, China, which had been hit by a small earthquake swarm, was conducted to provide practical evidence for this study. The results indicated the following. Firstly, the information needs of individuals are highly differentiated in the different stages of an earthquake. From pre-disaster to post-disaster, individuals show a shift in information need from “preparedness and response knowledge” to “disaster information”, then to “disaster information and disaster relief information” in parallel, to “reconstruction and reflection information”. Based on the above analysis, a composition of the main earthquake disaster information is proposed for different stages. Secondly, by measuring the values of the IDI, we found that most individuals’ information needs were met for the earthquake. Thirdly, the TV and the internet were the two preferred commutation channels for acquiring disaster information from among all the effective channels in all the stages.
This paper adopts an environmental data envelopment analysis (DEA) model containing pollution emissions to measure the environmental efficiency of node cities in the Chinese section of Silk Road Economic Zone (SREZ) in 2011–2020 and verifies the convergence of the environmental efficiency. The results show that the ten node cities had an overall low environmental efficiency and a large gap in environmental efficiency, highlighting the necessity of cross-regional cooperation in emission reduction and the promotion of environmental technologies between regions; the environmental efficiency gaps between node cities and between the three regions started to narrow in 2016 and 2018, respectively, showing a certain convergence trend. In addition, the Tobit model was called to analyze the factors affecting environmental efficiency, revealing that per-capita gross domestic product (GDP), foreign trade, and population density promote environmental efficiency, while the proportion of the secondary industry, number of authorized patents, and regional feature significantly suppresses environmental efficiency. Finally, several suggestions were provided to reduce regional pollution emissions and increase China’s environmental efficiency, according to the results of empirical analysis.
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