The novel coronavirus (COVID-19 or 2019-nCoV) is a respiratory virus that can exist in the mouth and saliva of patients and spreads through aerosol dispersion. Therefore, stomatological hospitals and departments have become high-infection-risk environments. Accordingly, oral disinfectants that can effectively inactivate the virus have become a highly active area of research. Hexadecyl pyridinium chloride, povidone-iodine, and other common oral disinfectants are the natural primary choices for stomatological hospitals. Therefore, this study investigated the inhibitory effect of hexadecyl pyridinium chloride on SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Vero cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 were used to determine the disinfection effect; the CCK-8 method was used to determine cytotoxicity, and viral load was determined by real-time PCR. The results showed that hexadecyl pyridinium chloride has no obvious cytotoxic effect on Vero cells in the concentration range 0.0125–0.05 mg/mL. The in vitro experiments showed that hexadecyl pyridinium chloride significantly inhibits the virus at concentrations of 0.1 mg/mL or above at 2 min of action. Thus, the results provide experimental support for the use of hexadecyl pyridinium chloride in stomatological hospitals.
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19 or 2019-nCoV) is a respiratory virus that can exist in the mouth and saliva of patients and spreads through aerosol dispersion. In the face of such a serious epidemic, the World Health Organization (who) recommends that governments and individuals take necessary infection control measures. The novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2) spread rapidly, causing varying degrees of respiratory disease and, in severe cases. SARS-CoV-2 is a respiratory disease that can be transmitted through direct transmission, aerosol transmission, or contact. Therefore, stomatological hospitals and departments have become high-infection-risk environments. Accordingly, oral disinfectants that can effectively inactivate the virus have become a highly active area of research. Hexadecyl pyridinium chloride, povidone-iodine, and other common oral disinfectants are the natural primary choices for stomatological hospitals. Therefore, this study investigated the inhibitory effect of hexadecyl pyridinium chloride on SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Vero cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 were used to determine the disinfection effect; the CCK-8 method was used to determine cytotoxicity, and viral load was determined by real-time PCR. The results showed that hexadecyl pyridinium chloride has no obvious cytotoxic effect on Vero cells in the concentration range 0.0125–0.05 mg/mL. The in vitro experiments showed that hexadecyl pyridinium chloride significantly inhibits the virus at concentrations of 0.1 mg/mL or above at 2 min of action. Thus, the results provide experimental support for the use of hexadecyl pyridinium chloride in stomatological hospitals.
Surface texture is one of the most important morphology properties of coarse aggregates. It has an important effect on the performances of asphalt mixtures, such as the stiffness modulus and high temperature stability. Accurate characterization of the coarse aggregate texture is important for the quality control of coarse aggregates and the design of asphalt mixtures. The two-dimensional (2-D) image analysis method has been used to study the texture property of coarse aggregates in the past two decades. Because of the spatial and mesoscopic properties of the surface texture of coarse aggregates, the traditional 2-D image analysis method is not accurate enough to characterize the texture. In this study, a three-dimensional (3-D) image analysis method (Laplacian smoothing algorithm) was employed to study the coarse aggregate texture property based on the high-precision 3-D image. A minor improvement was added into the Laplacian smoothing algorithm to determine the smoothing scale. Three parameters (deviation limit, iteration number, and smoothness level) are used in the improved Laplacian smoothing algorithm to control the final smoothing result. The 3-D images with the precision of 0.05 mm and 0.1 mm of two sizes of limestone aggregates and two sizes of basalt aggregates were used to study the effect of the three parameters on the smoothing results. The optimal combination of the three parameters was determined based on the parameter study. The results indicate that the deviation limit should be set to 3%, the iteration number should be set to 1, and the smoothness level should be set to 1. A preliminary discussion on the scanning precision was presented based on the 3-D aggregate images with the precision of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 mm. The results indicate that the 3-D images with average point spacing greater than or equal to 0.2 mm cannot provide sufficient texture details for the evaluation.
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19 or 2019-nCoV) is a respiratory virus that can exist in the mouth and saliva of patients and spreads through aerosol dispersion. Therefore, stomatological hospitals and departments have become high-infection-risk environments. Accordingly, the search for oral disinfectants that can effectively inactivate the virus has become a highly active area of research. Hexadecyl pyridinium chloride, povidone-iodine, and other common oral disinfectants are the natural primary choices for stomatological hospitals. Therefore, this study investigated the inhibitory effect of hexadecyl pyridinium chloride on SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Vero cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 were used to determine disinfection effect; the CCK-8 method was used to determine cytotoxicity; and viral load was determined by real-time PCR. The results showed that hexadecyl pyridinium chloride has no obvious cytotoxic effect on Vero cells in the concentration range 0.0125–0.05 mg/mL. The in vitro experiments showed that hexadecyl pyridinium chloride significantly inhibits the virus at concentrations of 0.1 mg/mL or above at 2 min of action. Thus, the results provide experimental support for the use of hexadecyl pyridinium chloride in stomatological hospitals.
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