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Red grapes are a better source of antioxidants. Although studies have reported the major antioxidant contents and activities of grape cultivars, but the literature lacks information on detailed antioxidant composition and capacities of grape cultivars grown with rain-shelter-cultivation in Chengdu plain, south of China. In the present study, the total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), total flavanols content (TFAC), total anthocyanins content (TMAC) and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP) were detected and the results will provide basic knowledge about antioxidants of six red skin grapes. The results indicated the content rank order as follow: seeds > skin > pulp. Furthermore, 'Red Globe', 'Jintianmeizhi' and 'Hongbaladuo' have more antioxidants than other cultivars. Our results will provide a basic theory basis for consumers and further utilization of antioxidants.

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IntroductionPalmitoleic acid, or 9Z -hexadec-9-enoic acid, is a 16carbon omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acid 1 . Previous study has demonstrated that the fatty acid has a wide range of applications in nutrition, medicine and chemical industries 2 . For example, in animal models, adipose tissue has been shown to release palmitoleic acid, which suppresses hepatic steatosis and improves insulin sensitivity 3 . Consequently, palmitoleic acid has been in the spotlight as a promising anti-inflammatory lipid that may help ameliorate metabolic disorders 4 . In addition, palmitoleic acid is used in cosmetics to improve water retention and elasticity of the skin, delay the aging of skin, hair and nails, and improve eye health 5 . At present many biopharmaceutical and nutrition companies are vigorously developing palmitoleic acid-based health products and pharmaceutical preparations; some of which have been successfully marketed.

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The natural source of human milk fat substitute (HMFS) is a field worth exploring. In this study, tilapia oil was extracted and analyzed. In the triacylglycerol fraction, the contents of sn-2 palmitic acid and total sn-1,3 oleic acid and linoleic acid were 48.01% and 66.62%, respectively. The optimal solvent fractionation conditions were determined to be a tilapia oil-to-acetone ratio of 1:8 (w/v), crystallization temperature of −30 • C, and crystallization duration of 16 h, giving a solid fraction yield of 64.20%. In fractionated tilapia oil, the total content of 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol (OPL) and 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO) increased by 20.38%, as determined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Ultra-high-performance combined-phase chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis showed that OPL (17.45%) was the most abundant triacylglycerol in fractionated tilapia oil, followed by OPO (13.90%). Fractionated tilapia oil is thus an excellent source of OPL and has great potential for incorporation in HMFS. K E Y W O R D S1-Oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol, human milk fat, human milk fat substitute, sn-2 Palmitic acid, solvent fractionation, tilapia oil Practical Application: Human milk fat substitutes are an important component of infant formulas. This work provides an excellent natural source of oil rich in OPL, which has great potential in the field of preparing human milk fat substitutes highly similar to human milk fat.