This paper introduces a new type of toxic and harmful gas analyzer based on DOAS (differential optical absorption spectroscopy) technology. Combined with the least square method, it can monitor H2S, NH3, SO2, NO2 and CH3SH online at the same time, and the prescribed minimum is as low as 0.1ppb, the detection breadth and accuracy are higher than those of the current common DOAS instruments.
A booming economy nurtured a bunch of new local brands in the Chinese cosmetic market, and Perfect Diary has stood out as a top player. However, it did more aggressive marketing than its international counterpart L'Oréal, which mainly focused on R&D. The mechanism behind their strategy making is worth studying. Therefore, this paper applies game theory and models the competition between two typical players as a static game and an infinitely repeated game to account for their actions and search for another possible outcome. Marketing effect, R&D effect, and discount rates of future payoffs are factors influencing players' preferences. The result turns out that both games have an equilibrium: the static game ends up in a marketing war, while the repeated game has a pleasant equilibrium where both players adopt the anonymous grim trigger strategy, conditional on large discount rates. Furthermore, limited R&D capability and a strong marketing effect will make the equilibrium lame in the repeated game.
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