11Bird strike can cause serious risks to the safety of air travel. In this paper, the aim is to improve 12 design by determining deformation and damage mechanisms of laminated glass windows when 13 subjected to high velocity soft impacts. To achieve this, laboratory-scale impact experiments 14 using bird substitute materials were performed in the velocity range of 100-180 m s -1 . An 15 important step forward is that high-speed 3D Digital Image Correlation (DIC) has effectively 16 been employed to extract the full-field deformation and strain on the back surface of the 17 specimens during impact. The finite element simulations were performed in Abaqus/explicit 18 using Eulerian approach and were able to represent successfully the experiments. 19
The effect of residual stress on subcritical crack growth in chemically strengthened aluminosilicate glass in air and water was firstly investigated using the double torsion (DT) technique. An experimental evaluation procedure was developed based on the DT method. The research demonstrates that high compressive stress (CS) and low central tension (CT) in chemically strengthened glass are beneficial in improving crack growth index and decreasing susceptibility to fatigue. Chemically strengthened glass with high CS and low CT exhibits a smaller proof-test ratio, which indicates better survival characteristics. The results are useful in designing the strength and optimizing the strengthening process by ion exchange to obtain a more robust glass with long service lifetime
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