A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-sporulating, yellow-pigmented and rod or cocci-shaped bacterium, designated Arc0846-15T, was isolated from the kelp Laminaria japonica. Strain Arc0846-15T was found to grow at 16–35 °C (optimum, 28 °C), at pH 6.0–9.5 (optimum, 7.0) and in the presence of 0–6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 %). Cells were positive for catalase and negative for oxidase activity. Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, revealed that the nearest phylogenetic neighbour strains of strain Arc0846-15T were Ornithinimicrobium murale 01 Gi-040T (96.2 %), Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (96.1 %) and Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T (95.2 %). Based on phylogenomic analysis, the average nucleotide identity values between strain Arc0846-15T and the neighbour strains were 69.8, 69.7 and 69.8 %, respectively; the digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain Arc0846-15T and its three closest neighbour strains were 18.8, 19.1 and 19.3 %, respectively. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8 (H4). The dominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1 ω8c, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 0. The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycolipid, one unidentified aminolipid and four unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain Arc0846-15T was 61.6 mol% based on the whole genome sequence. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain Arc0846-15T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium , for which the name Ornithinimicrobium laminariae sp. nov. is proposed, with Arc0846-15T (=KCTC 49655T=MCCC 1K06093T) as the type strain.
Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 is a DNA virus that is a concern for the aquaculture worldwide. Here, the challenge of CyHV-2 infection was conducted in gibel carp at a host susceptible temperature (25 ℃) and a less-susceptible temperature (15 ℃). The viral replication and expression of antiviral genes were analyzed by real time PCR, and the activities of antioxidative enzymes in serum were also examined. Results showed that CyHV-2 was in normal proliferative in 25 ℃ group, while the growth was inhibited in 15 ℃ group. Moreover, IFNφ1 and Mx were highly expressed from 12 hpi to 48 hpi in both groups, but the 15 ℃ group showed quicker and stronger response. TNF-α and IL-1β showed early upregulation at 12 hpi followed by a sharp decline in both groups. Fatty acid synthase (FAS) and Caspase-8 showed a higher expression level in 15 ℃ group than that in 25 ℃ group during 48-96 hpi. Furthermore, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) in 15 ℃ group were higher than those in 25 ℃ group at late infection. Thus, water temperature affected the immune response against CyHV-2 infection, which may ultimately lead to host survival in the less-susceptible temperatures.
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