Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a diverse group of neuropathological diseases that are currently incurable due to the irreversible neuronal loss. At the present rate of the world population growth, it is projected that the number of ND cases will double by the year of 2050. With treatments only available for symptom management and relief, disease prevention may yield significant benefits. Recently, there had been association drawn between the disruption of phospholipid (PL) homeostasis and the progression of NDs. Pathological developments were observed in cellular processes including autophagy, maintenance of mitochondrial integrity, and management of tissue oxidative stress. As PLs actively participate in the regulation of these cellular pathways and in neuronal signal transduction for the maintenance of an optimally functioning nervous system, their homeostasis is tightly controlled via an intricate system of interconversion and metabolism. Therefore, in this review, the contribution of a homeostatic PL pool and the detrimental effects by the lack thereof, are discussed in detail as it relates to ND development.
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