The soil water characteristic curve and microstructure evolution of unsaturated expansive soil improved by microorganisms in Nanning, Guangxi were studied by means of filter paper method and scanning electron microscope imaging (SEM). Based on Fredlung & Xing model, the influence law of different cement content on the soil water characteristic curve of improved expansive soil is proved. According to the analysis of SEM test results, the influence mechanism of MICP method on the engineering characteristics of improved expansive soil is revealed. The results show that with the increase of cement content, the saturated water content and residual water content of the improved expansive soil gradually increased. At the same time, the water stability gradually increased while the air inlet value gradually decreased. The improved expansive soil changes from the superposition of flat particles and flake particles to the contact between spherical particles and flake particles, which indicates that the aggregate increases significantly. With the increase of the content of cement solution, the contact between particles tends to be smooth and the soil pores gradually tend to be evenly distributed. The particle size and microstructure of soil particles was changed and the connection between particles was enhanced in the improved expansive soil. Eventually the strength and water stability of expansive soil were improved. The conclusions above not only provide a theoretical basis for the in-depth study of engineering characteristics of unsaturated expansive soil improved by MICP method, but also offer theoretical evidence for perfecting engineering technology of expansive soil improved by MICP method.
Experimental study on one-dimensional consolidation and scanning electron microscope imaging of expansive soil improved by MICP method has been carried out, by using WG type consolidator and electron scanning microscope. Theoretical analysis on microstructure evolution process of improved expansive soil has been carried out based on fractal theory and damage theory. Through the research, the influence mechanism of cementation and filling effect of calcium carbonate precipitation on the microstructure of improved soil samples such as particle size and pore characteristics is revealed. Based on fractal theory, a porosity calculation model of improved expansive soil has been established considering microstructure damage of soil. Furthermore, a fractal calculation theory of consolidation deformation of improved expansive soil has been proposed. The relevant calculation parameters have also been determined. The rationality of this calculation theory is verified by comparing the calculated results with the tested results. With these research results, a theoretical foundation for further research on microstructure evolution of expansive soil improved by MICP method has been laid. A new train of thought for quantitative research on the water stability and swell–shrink characteristics as well as strength characteristics of improved expansive soil has been provided.
Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation method was used to improve the expansive soils of Nanning, Guangxi. The nonlinear shear creep behavior of microbially improved expansive soil was studied by triaxial consolidation drainage shear test. The results show that when the expansive soil was applied a small partial stress, the creep curve of soil exhibits transient deformation and decay creep. When the partial stress reaches a certain value, there is decay creep, steady-state creep and accelerated creep successively showed on the creep curve. The stress-strain isochronous curves reflect there are obvious nonlinear characteristics in the creep process of improved expansive soils. The degree of this nonlinearity is related to the creep time and stress level. The longer the creep time as well as the higher the stress level, the higher the degree of nonlinearity. Based on the fractional calculus theory and statistical damage theory, the probability density function of Weibull distribution was introduced, and the damage degradation of soft component viscosity coefficient was considered. As a result, a fractional-order damage creep model which can describe the shear creep evolution of microbially improved expansive soils is established. Compared with the Kelvin creep model of integer order and the Burgers creep model of fractional order, the fractional order damage creep model has not only better comparative evaluation results but also more higher computational accuracy. It indicates that the fractional-order damage creep model can better describe the whole process of shear creep in microbially improved expansive soils. The above findings provide a theoretical basis for the study of deformation analysis of microbially improved expansive soils under long-term loading.
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