No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Location is an indispensable segment for WirelessSensor Network (WSN), since when events happened, we need to know location. The distance vector-hop (DV-Hop) technique is a popular range-free localization algorithm due to its cost efficiency and non-intricate process. Nevertheless, it suffers from poor accuracy, and it is highly influenced by network topology; Especially, more hop counts lead to more errors. In the final phase, least squares are employed to address nonlinear equation, which will gain greater location errors. Aimed at addressing problems mentioned above, an enhanced DV-Hop algorithm based on weighted factor, along with new weighted least squares location technique, is proposed in this paper, and it is called WND-DV-Hop. First, the one hop count of unknown node was corrected by employed received signal strength indication (RSSI) technology. Next, in order to reduce average hop distance error, a weighted coefficient based on beacon node hop count was constructed. A new weighted least squares method was embedded to solve nonlinear equation problem. Finally, considerable experiments were carried out to estimate the performance of WND-DV-Hop, compared the outcomes with state-of-the-art DV-Hop, IDV-Hop, Checkout-DV-Hop, and New-DV-Hop depicted in literature. The empirical findings demonstrated that WND-DV-Hop significantly outperformed other localization algorithms.

As an emerging fluorescent material, all-inorganic halide perovskite quantum dots (IPQDs) have attracted considerable attention with the excellent optical properties. However, due to the instability of IPQDs in polar solution,...

No abstract

No abstract

In this study, humidified air dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma was used to inactivate Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and bacteriophages in biofilms containing DNA, NaCl, carbohydrates, and proteins. The humidified DBD plasma was very effective in the inactivation of microbes in the (≤1.0 μm) biofilms. The number of surviving E. coli, S. aureus, and bacteriophages in the biofilms was strongly dependent on the constituent and thickness of the biofilms and was greatly reduced when the plasma treatment time increased from 5 s to 150 s. Our analysis shows that the UV irradiation was not responsible for the inactivation of microbes in biofilms. The short-lived RONS generated in the humidified air DBD plasma were not directly involved in the inactivation process; however, they recombined or reacted with other species to generate the long-lived RONS. Long-lived RONS diffused into the biofilms to generate very active species, such as ONOOH and OH. This study indicates that the geminated NO2 and OH pair formed due to the homolysis of ONOOH can cause the synergistic oxidation of various organic molecules in the aqueous solution. Proteins in the biofilm were highly resistant to the inactivation of microbes in biofilms, which is presumably due to the existence of the unstable functional groups in the proteins. The unsaturated fatty acids, cysteine-rich proteins, and sulfur–methyl thioether groups in the proteins were easily oxidized by the geminated NO2 and OH pair.