Purpose: To investigate the involvement of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in the pathogenesis of breast cancer in vivo as well as the activity of ten Chinese herbal compounds in human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell proliferation in vitro.Methods: In the in vivo study, the association of serum TNF-α and IL-10 with breast cancer cell invasiveness and prognosis was determined in female patients (n = 192) with breast cancer, while in the in vitro study, ten herbal Chinese compounds were screened for their effectiveness against MCF-7 cells. The levels of TNF-α, IL-10, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2/neu) were assayed using their respective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Molecular docking was used to determine the lead compound(s) that can effectively inhibit TNF-α and IL-10.Results: Raised serum levels of TNF-α and IL-10 were significantly associated with breast cancer cell invasiveness and poor prognosis (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a strong association between breast cancer prognosis and the expression levels of ER, PR and HER2/neu. Serum TNF-α and IL-10 levels were significantly elevated in stages II and III patients and in those with lymph node metastasis. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with the herbal compounds significantly reduced the synthesis and release of TNF-α and IL-10 (p < 0.05). The results of molecular docking showed that baicalein and oridonin significantly inhibited TNF- α and IL-10. The two herbal compounds had the highest docking scores for inhibition of cytokines, as well as favorable interaction energies.Conclusion: These results indicate that TNF-α and IL-10 are involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, and that baicalein and oridonin effectively inhibit the proliferation of the cells. Keywords: Baicalein, Breast cancer, Interleukin 10, Oridonin, Tumor necrosis factor alpha
The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery program can reduce postoperative complications, hospital stay, and overall costs in patients, although the evidence for physical intervention with patients is still lacking. This study provides visual and auditory physical interventions to patients in order to explore the effects of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery following abdominal surgery. The study group consisted of patients who had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy, radical resection of gastric cancer, or radical resection of colon cancer; we randomly divided them into a control group and a visual and auditory intervention group. We then monitored the bowel sound frequency and time of the first anal self-exsufflation for both groups after surgery. We found that compared with the control group, patients who had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy and radical gastrectomy who received auditory intervention had increased bowel sound frequency and a shorter time until first anal self-exsufflation. In addition, patients with colon cancer who received both auditory and visual stimulation had increased bowel sounds and shorter time until the first anal self-exsufflation. These results suggest that visual and auditory interventions significantly improve patients' gastrointestinal function, shorten the hospitalization period, and reduce complications after operation.
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