To investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, control of hypertension and their associated factors in southern China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 5 cities of urban areas and 5 counties of rural areas in Southern China in 2013, a stratified multistage random sampling method was used to select a representative sample. Recruitment included a total of 19254 participants aged 15 or older. Socio-demographic profiles, examinations were administrated on each subject. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to identify the risk factors of hypertension, awareness, treatment, and control. Overall, the prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension are 24.59% and 32.11%, respectively in southern China. Among all the hypertensive patients, 67.43% were aware of their condition, 55.76% took anti-hypertension medication recent two weeks, and 30.79% had their blood pressure controlled. Compared with male, female hypertensive patients had higher rates of hypertension awareness, treatment and control. Age, gender, marital status, living areas, education, BMI, waist circumference, visceral adipose index (VAI), high body fat percentage (BFP) and family hypertension history correlated with the prevalence of hypertension. SBP/DBP increased with VAI and BFP increasing. There is an increasing prevalence of hypertension and high pre-hypertension in the general population in southern China, but levels of awareness, treatment, and control remain relatively low, especially for young and middle-aged population. Innovative strategies including of adopting appropriate anti-hypertensive medication therapy and healthy lifestyles should be taken.

BackgroundThe prevalence of hypertension in China has risen dramatically in recent decades, but it is not well understood if hypertension is adequately controlled in the elderly population in Southern China. A provincial survey was performed in order to estimate the prevalence of hypertension control and the associated factors in the elderly population.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in 6 community health service centers across 12 counties in Southern China from October 2010 to April 2011. Recruitment included a total of 10644 hypertensive subjects aged 60 or older. Basic lab tests and physical examinations were administrated on each subject. In addition, each subject completed a standardized questionnaire.ResultsThe 10644 participants (mean age of 70.3 years) included 5527 women (51.9%), 5117 men (48.1%), 3148 overweight subjects (29.57%), 846 (7.95%) obese subjects, 1654 smokers (15.54%) and 1750 consumers of alcohol (16.44%). The control, treatment and awareness of hypertension were 44.6%, 50.3% and 46.3%, respectively. Most treated hypertensives (68.57%) used combination therapy of antihypertensive medications, and those using long-acting antihypertensive medications had a higher rate of adequately controlled hypertension. Results showed that elderly, living in rural and suburban areas, low education level, family history of hypertension, smoking, excessive salt consumption, lack of physical activity, overweight, obese and diabetes were associated with uncontrolled hypertension.ConclusionsLack of adequate hypertension control is relatively high among the elderly in Southern China. Hypertension awareness and early treatment are needed in this population, especially among suburban population, as well as adopting appropriate antihypertensive medication therapy and healthy lifestyles.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-903) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

We examined the relationship between alcohol consumption and incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in a prospective cohort of 65 601 Chinese men aged 40 years and older. Information on the amount and type of alcohol consumed was collected at a baseline examination with follow-up evaluations conducted 8-9 years later. During the 500 876 person-years of follow-up, 176 participants initiated renal replacement therapy or died from renal failure. Compared to non-drinkers, the relative risk of ESRD was 0.67 among men consuming less than 21 drinks per week and 0.52 among men consuming this amount or more after adjustment for age, geographic region, urbanization, education, body mass index, physical activity, and cigarette smoking. The inverse association between alcohol consumption and ESRD existed even after adjustment for systolic blood pressure, and history of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Our results suggest an inverse relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of ESRD in Chinese men. Heavy alcohol consumption, however, may lead to increased risk of morbidity and mortality from other causes; therefore, the implications from these findings should be interpreted cautiously.

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