Modulating the crystal field environment
around the emitting ions
is an effective strategy to improve the luminescence performance of
the practical effective phosphor materials. Here, smaller Y3+ ions are introduced into substituting the Gd3+ sites
in Ba2GdNbO6:Mn4+ phosphor to modify
the optical properties, including the enhanced luminescence intensity,
redshift, and longer lifetime of the Mn4+ ions. The substitution
of smaller Y3+ ions leads to lattice contraction and then
strengthens pressure on the local structure, enhances lattice rigidity,
and suppresses nonradiative transition. Moreover, the prototype phosphor-converted
light-emitting diode (LED) demonstrates a continuous change photoelectric
performance with a correlated color temperature of 4883–7876
K and a color rendering index of 64.1–83.2, suggesting that
it can be one of the most prospective fluorescent materials applied
as a warm red component for white LEDss. Thus, the smaller ion partial
substitution can provide a concise approach to modulate the crystal
field environment around the emitting ions for excellent luminescence
properties of phosphors toward the modern artificial light.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the increasingly serious public health concerns worldwide; the global burden of CKD is increasingly due to high morbidity and mortality. At present, there are three key problems in the clinical treatment and management of CKD. First, the current diagnostic indicators, such as proteinuria and serum creatinine, are greatly interfered by the physiological conditions of patients, and the changes in the indicator level are not synchronized with renal damage. Second, the established diagnosis of suspected CKD still depends on biopsy, which is not suitable for contraindication patients, is also traumatic, and is not sensitive to early progression. Finally, the prognosis of CKD is affected by many factors; hence, it is ineviatble to develop effective biomarkers to predict CKD prognosis and improve the prognosis through early intervention. Accurate progression monitoring and prognosis improvement of CKD are extremely significant for improving the clinical treatment and management of CKD and reducing the social burden. Therefore, biomarkers reported in recent years, which could play important roles in accurate progression monitoring and prognosis improvement of CKD, were concluded and highlighted in this review article that aims to provide a reference for both the construction of CKD precision therapy system and the pharmaceutical research and development.
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