Objective
This study aimed to measure the amount of maxillary sinus pneumatization (MSP) extended into alveolar processes in different age groups via cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and its association with age.
Methods
The data of 293 adult patients (533 maxillary sinuses) who underwent CBCT at our hospital from January 2020 to October 2020 were analyzed and divided into the following age groups: group I (18–34 years old, youth group), group II (35–59 years old, middle-aged group) and group III (≥ 60 years old, elderly group). The distance between the lowest point of the maxillary sinus floor and nasal cavity floor in the central area of the maxillary posterior teeth was measured and recorded as the amount of MSP. Further, according to the positional relation between the maxillary posterior teeth and maxillary sinus floor, MSP was divided into type I (normal pneumatization) and type II (extensive pneumatization). The distribution of pneumatization types and degree and change of pneumatization for the different age groups were also analyzed. P < 0.05 was used as the threshold for statistical significance.
Results
The amount of MSP of group I [(3.75 ± 3.77) mm] was significantly higher than that of group II [(2.30 ± 4.48) mm] and group III [(2.09 ± 4.70) mm], but there was no significant difference between group II and group III. We also found that the amount decreased gradually with increasing age (rs = − 0.2), with the youth group showing a higher prevalence of extensive pneumatization (youth vs. middle-age vs. elderly: 66.44% vs. 36.81% vs. 22.28%, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in the amount of MSP between males and females and between left and right maxillary sinus in each group (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
The amount of MSP was significantly higher in the 18–34 years old group compared to older age groups, showed a decreasing trend with age and was not associated with sex and maxillary sinus sides.
Nowadays, determination of the iron ions with high sensitivity and selectivity with novel methods becomes a matter of urgency for monitoring healthy body and environment. In this paper, for the first time, we present a set of high-performance TiO
2
nanotube arrays which are quite sensitive to iron ions. Firstly, the anodic oxidation method was adopted to prepare ordered TiO
2
nanotube arrays, followed by functionalized Ag nanoparticle deposition with the enhancement ability in iron ion sensing. Besides, the spectrum of the TiO
2
nanotube with/without the Ag nanoparticles was analyzed with an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, which shows that Ag nanoparticles can effectively reduce the recombination rate of electrons and holes, and increase the conductivity and the charge transfer rate of the electrodes. Further, when functionalized Ag nanoparticles on well-ordered TiO
2
nanotube arrays were used, iron ion sensing performed with the anodic stripping voltammetry method was investigated to validate the great potential of TiO
2
nanotube arrays with a sensitivity of approximately 30 μA/ug/L in becoming Fe
3+
sensors. This method creates new possibilities for developing sensors for monitoring of Fe
3+
in biological samples without any sample pretreatment procedure.
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