27The influence of the degree of hydrolysis (DH) on the structure, solubility, 28 rheology, and emulsifying properties of rice glutelin was investigated. Structural 29 properties were characterized using analysis of molecular weight distribution, surface 30 hydrophobicity, intrinsic fluorescence, and Circular Dichroism (CD) spectra. Protein 31 hydrolysis changed molecular weight, increased flexibility, altered surface 32 hydrophobicity, and increased solubility. Oil-in-water emulsions were prepared from 33 rice glutelin with different DH (0.5%, 2%, and 6%) and their stability to storage, pH, 34 salt, and thermal processing was assessed. The storage, pH, salt, and temperature 35 stability of the emulsions increased with decreasing hydrolysis. Emulsions prepared 36 with 2% DH rice glutelin were stable over a range of environmental conditions: pH 7-9; 37 NaCl < 100mM (pH 7); temperatures < 90 ºC (pH 7, 0 mM NaCl) studied. These results 38 will facilitate the formulation and production of natural emulsion-based products using 39 rice glutelin as an emulsifier. 40 41 Keywords: rice glutelin; enzymatic hydrolysis; emulsion; stability; 42 43 44 45 46 47 48

No abstract

Because of their biocompatibility and biodegradability in vivo, natural polysaccharides are effective nanocarriers for delivery of active ingredients or drugs. Moreover, bioactive polysaccharides, such as tea, Ganoderma lucidum, and Momordica charantia polysaccharides (TP, GLP, and MCP), have antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor, and antiviral properties. In this study, tea, Ganoderma lucidum, and Momordica charantia polysaccharide nanoparticles (TP-NPs, GLP-NPs, and MCP-NPs) were prepared via the nanoprecipitation approach. When the ethanol to water ratio was 10:1, the diameter of the spherical polysaccharide nanoparticles was the smallest, and the mean particle size of the TP-NPs, GLP-NPs, and MCP-NPs was 99 ± 15, 95 ± 7, and 141 ± 9 nm, respectively. When exposed to heat, increased ionic strength and pH levels, the nanoparticles exhibited superior stability and higher activity than the corresponding polysaccharides. In physiological conditions (pH 7.4), the nanoparticles underwent different protein adsorption capacities in the following order: MCP-NPs> TP-NPs> GLP-NPs. Moreover, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion radical scavenging rates of the nanoparticles were increased by 9-25% as compared to the corresponding polysaccharides. Compared to the bioactive polysaccharides, the nanoparticles enhanced antimicrobial efficacy markedly and exhibited long-acting antibacterial activity.