Single-atom catalysts (SACs) exhibit intriguing catalytic performance owing to their maximized atom utilizations and unique electronic structures. However, the reported strategies for synthesizing SACs generally have special requirements for either the anchored metals or the supports. Herein, we report a universal approach of electrochemical deposition that is applicable to a wide range of metals and supports for the fabrication of SACs. The depositions were conducted on both cathode and anode, where the different redox reactions endowed the SACs with distinct electronic states. The SACs from cathodic deposition exhibited high activities towards hydrogen evolution reaction, while those from anodic deposition were highly active towards oxygen evolution reaction. When cathodically-and anodicallydeposited Ir single atoms on Co 0.8 Fe 0.2 Se 2 @Ni foam were integrated into a two-electrode cell for overall water splitting, a voltage of 1.39 V was required at 10 mA cm −2 in alkaline electrolyte.

Gene expression signatures for a basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) subtype have been associated with poor clinical outcomes, but a molecular basis for this disease remains unclear. Here, we report overexpression of the transcription factor FOXC1 as a consistent feature of BLBC compared with other molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Elevated FOXC1 expression predicted poor overall survival in BLBC (P = 0.0001), independently of other clinicopathologic prognostic factors including lymph node status, along with a higher incidence of brain metastasis (P = 0.02) and a shorter brain metastasis-free survival in lymph node-negative patients (P < 0.0001). Ectopic overexpression of FOXC1 in breast cancer cells increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas shRNA-mediated FOXC1 knockdown yielded opposite effects. Our findings identify FOXC1 as a theranostic biomarker that is specific for BLBC, offering not only a potential prognostic candidate but also a potential molecular therapeutic target in this breast cancer subtype. Cancer Res; 70(10); 3870-6. ©2010 AACR.

CXCR4 is expressed and functional on melanoma and CRC cells. The ligand for CXCR4 is highly expressed in liver and may specifically attract melanoma and CRC CXCR4 (+) cells. Quantitative analysis of CXCR4 gene expression in patients with liver metastases has prognostic significance for disease outcome.

The status of the sentinel node (SN) confers important prognostic information for patients with thin melanoma.Design, Setting, and Patients: We queried our melanoma database to identify patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy for thin (Յ1.00-mm) cutaneous melanoma at a tertiary care cancer institute. Slides of tumor-positive SNs were reviewed by a melanoma pathologist to confirm nodal status and intranodal tumor burden, defined as isolated tumor cells, micrometastasis, or macrometastasis (Յ0.20, 0.21-2.00, or Ͼ2.00 mm, respectively). Nodal status was correlated with patient age and primary tumor depth (Յ0.25, 0.26-0.50, 0.51-0.75, or 0.76-1.00 mm). Survival was determined by log-rank test.Main Outcome Measures: Disease-free and melanomaspecific survival.Results: Of 1592 patients who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy from 1991 to 2004, 631 (40%) had thin melanomas; 31 of the 631 patients (5%) had a tumor-positive SN. At a median follow-up of 57 months for the 631 patients, the mean (SD) 10-year rate of disease-free survival was 96% (1%) vs 54% (10%) for patients with tumornegative vs tumor-positive SNs, respectively (PϽ.001); the mean (SD) 10-year rate of melanoma-specific survival was 98% (1%) vs 83% (8%), respectively (PϽ.001). Tumorpositive SNs were more common in patients aged 50 years and younger (P=.04). The SN status maintained importance on multivariate analysis for both disease-free survival (PϽ.001) and melanoma-specific survival (PϽ.001). Conclusions:The status of the SN is significantly linked to survival in patients with thin melanoma. Therefore, sentinel lymph node biopsy should be considered to obtain complete prognostic information.

Prolonged survival was observed in patients who received postoperative active immunotherapy with Canvaxin therapeutic cancer vaccine. The correlation of survival with vaccine-DTH responses but not PPD-DTH indicates a treatment-specific effect. These findings suggest that adjuvant active specific immunotherapy should be considered after cytoreductive surgery for advanced melanoma.

: B7-H3 protein expressed by primary breast cancer cells is a tumor progression factor and is associated with extent of regional nodal metastasis.

Patients with micrometastatic tumor deposits, pN0(i+) or pN1mi, do not seem to have a worse 8-year DFS or OS compared with SN-negative patients. As expected, there was a significant decrease in 8-year DFS and OS in patients with pN1 disease in the SN.

Vitiligo, an autoimmune skin disorder, was evaluated in 49 metastatic melanoma patients treated with an immunotherapy regimen of maintenance biotherapy (mBT) following induction concurrent biochemotherapy (cBCT). Patients receiving mBT demonstrated a stable or better response to cBCT. The mBT regimen consisted of outpatient subcutaneous injections of low-dose IL-2 (1 MIU/m(2)) 5/7 days weekly, GM-CSF (125 mcg/m(2)) 14 days monthly, and high-dose pulses of in-patient continuous infusion decrescendo IL-2 (54 MIU/m(2)) over 48 hours monthly for the first 6 months and every 2 months thereafter. The majority of patients had poor prognostic features. Forty-nine patients were without evidence of vitiligo at the start of mBT. Of these, 21 patients (43%) developed vitiligo during mBT and had a median overall survival from the start of mBT of 18.2 months (95% CI, 12.3-N/A) compared to 8.5 months (95%CI <6.7-12.7) for 28 non-vitiligo patients (P=0.027). Six of 21 vitiligo patients (29%) expressed IgG antibody titers to tyrosinase-related protein-2 compared to four of 28 non-vitiligo patients (14%) (P=NS). The development of vitiligo in metastatic melanoma patients on cBCT/mBT immunotherapy correlates with a better therapeutic outcome.