Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a diabetic microangiopathy with increasing incidence, which seriously threatens the quality of life of patients. This study investigated the molecular regulation mechanism of lipocalin-2 (LCN2) in DR by targeting the function of human retinal vascular endothelial cells (HRVECs). Methods: The expression of LCN2 in the retinal tissue of diabetic and high glucose (HG)-induced HRVECs was detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis and western blotting assay. After intravitreal injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-NC or AAV-sh-LCN2, in vivo experiments, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and retinal trypsin digestion experiments were performed to analyze the effect of LCN2 silencing on DR retinal tissue. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to evaluate apoptosis and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed to detect the expressions of caspase-1. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of pyroptosis-associated proteins. After transfection of sh-NC and sh-LCN2, the function of HRVECs cells induced by HG was evaluated by wound healing assay, Transwell assay, and tube formation assay.Results: The expression of LCN2 was significantly up-regulated in diabetic retinal tissue and HGinduced HRVECs. In vivo experiments showed that LCN2 silencing can significantly reduce diabetic retinal injury. Cell function experiments also revealed that LCN2 silencing inhibited cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining showed that downregulation of LCN2 could inhibit caspase-1 mediated pyroptosis in HG-induced HRVECs.Conclusions: Down-regulation of LCN2 can significantly inhibit cell migration, invasion, and angiopoiesis, and pyroptosis regulated by caspase-1, thus attenuating the progression of DR.
Summary Elevated expression of autoantibodies is a hallmark of immune dysregulation in glaucoma and may cause retinal ganglion cell apoptosis and immune‐mediated nerve damage, thus contributing to the development of blindness. The cause of autoantibody upregulation remains unclear. Th17 cells are shown to promote autoimmunity and Ig production. Here, we demonstrate that the serum levels of interleukin (IL)‐17A and IL‐21 are comparable between glaucoma patients and non‐glaucoma controls. However, the levels of Th17‐promoting cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF) IL‐6, are higher in glaucoma patients than in controls. Subsequently, we demonstrate that glaucoma patients present upregulated levels of Th17 cells that are quiescent directly ex vivo. Interestingly, compared to the Th17 cells from non‐glaucoma subjects, the Th17 cells from glaucoma patients present similar IL‐17A production capacity but significantly higher IL‐21 production capacity. Given that IL‐21 is also described as a specific cytokine of follicular helper T cells, the Ig production by B cells following co‐incubation with circulating Th17 cells is investigated. Th17 cells from glaucoma patients present significantly enhanced potential to promote Ig production than the Th17 cells from controls. Both glaucoma patient Th17 cells and control Th17 cells require IL‐17A and IL‐21 for Ig production. Overall, results from this study suggest that Th17 cells from glaucoma patients present elevated capacity to stimulate Ig production.
This study retrospectively evaluated the effect of lutein supplement (LS) on patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). A total of 72 patients with NPDR were included in this study. All patients received Zeaxanthin during the study period. In addition, 36 patients also received LS and were assigned to the treatment group, while the other 36 patients did not receive LS and were assigned to the control group. All patients were treated for a total of 4 months. The endpoints included visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), and glare sensitivity (GS). In addition, any adverse events were also assessed. All endpoints were measured before and after 4-month treatment. Before treatment, there were no significant differences in VA ( P = .75), CS ( P = .71), and GS ( P = .73) between two groups. After 4-month treatment, there were still no significant differences in all endpoints of VA ( P = .66), CS ( P = .58), and GS ( P = .61) between two groups. No adverse events were recorded in either group. The results of this retrospective study showed that LS may not benefit for patients with NPDR after 4-month treatment. More high quality randomized controlled trials should still be needed to warrant the results of this study.
Background: Numerous studies have reported the efficacy of fenofibrate for patients with diabetic retinopathy (DRP). No systematic review has, however, addressed its efficacy for DRP. Thus, this systematic review will firstly evaluate the efficacy and safety of fenofibrate for patients with DRP. Methods: This study will search the following databases: PUMBED, EMBASE, CINAHI, ACMD, CENTRAL, CBM, CNKI, VIP, and WANGFANG, along with grey literature from inception to the present. We will accept randomized controlled trials on evaluating the efficacy and safety of fenofibrate for DRP. The primary outcome is the progression of DRP. The secondary outcomes are vision loss, development of diabetic macular edema, aggravation of hard exudates, quality of life, and any adverse events. Methodological quality of each included study will be assessed by using Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. In addition, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation tool will also be used to evaluate the overall strength of the evidence. Two independent reviewers will conduct all procedures of study selection, data extraction, and methodological assessment. Any disagreements will be consulted with a third reviewer. RevMan 5.3 software will be used to pool data and to carry out the meta-analysis if it is possible. Results: In present study, we anticipate to find a considerable number of published studies presenting evidence on efficacy and safety of fenofibrate for DRP. Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review will provide latest evidence of fenofibrate for patients with DRP. Dissemination and ethics: The findings of this scoping review will be disseminated in print, conferences, or by peer-reviewed journals. No ethical approval is needed for this systematic review, because it is a literature-based study. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42019121869.
In order to solve some problems of subhealth and high chronic diseases, the diagnosis and treatment of value-added diabetic retinopathy are studied. In particular, diabetes, a high chronic disease, poses a great threat to people’s health. With the continuous improvement of national health awareness, the medical field also begins to pay more attention to the diagnosis and treatment of value-added diabetic retinopathy. In order to improve the long-term treatment of value-added diabetic retinopathy through intelligent medical monitoring and systematic scientific efficacy analysis and evaluation, the purpose of this study is to explore how to effectively achieve the meta-analysis of long-term efficacy of proliferative diabetic retinopathy through intelligent medical treatment. Through the study of diabetic retinopathy, the system can help doctors to achieve unlimited further signs of parameter acquisition and transmission and build more mature after treatment of the results of the monitoring platform. At the same time, a conclusion based on vitrectomy was proposed to effectively improve the surgical efficacy of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
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