Rationale: A supernumerary kidney is an extremely rare renal anomaly. Currently, <100 cases are reported in the literature. There are only 2 right unilateral supernumerary kidneys reported in the literature thus far, but no confirmed cases of urothelial carcinoma in supernumerary kidneys. We report a case of a right supernumerary with urothelial carcinoma, which is, to the best of our knowledge, reported for the first time. Patient concerns: A 73-year-old female patient presented with intermittent, painless, whole course and gross hematuria for about 3 months. Her physical and laboratory examinations did not reveal any significant findings except positive occult blood in routine urine examination. Contrast-enhanced spiral computed tomography revealed a dysplastic supernumerary kidney under the normal right kidney. Diagnoses: The ureteroscopy showed that the ureter was Y-shaped in the middle part. The medial ureter led to a normal kidney. The lateral ureter was just 2 cm and led to a small cavity in which there was a mass whose biopsy showed urothelial carcinoma. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with a right supernumerary kidney with urothelial carcinoma. Intervention: Nephroureterectomy, including the right normal and supernumerary kidneys, and partial cystectomy by laparoscopy were performed after the ureteroscopy. The patient then received 6 cycles of gemcitabine and cisplatin regimen chemotherapy and regular intravesical epirubicin chemotherapy. Outcomes: No recurrence or metastasis was found on follow-up computed tomography performed 13 months postoperatively. Lessons: A supernumerary kidney is an extremely rare renal anomaly. Malignancy can occur in supernumerary kidneys.
Rationale: Zinner syndrome (ZS) is a rare congenital malformation of the urogenital tract that is associated with seminal vesicle cysts, ejaculatory duct obstruction, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. This unique condition was first reported by Zinner (1914). ZS is caused by malformation of the distal mesonephric duct during embryogenesis. To our knowledge, no giant seminal vesicle cysts with hemorrhage in ZS have been reported in the current study.Patient concerns: A 63-year-old man presented with chronic hypogastralgia with no history of lower urinary tract symptoms, hematuria, or trauma. Physical examination revealed no localized uplift or percussive pain in either kidney. No tenderness in the ureter stroke region, no localized eminence in the suprapubic region of the bladder, and no tenderness in the bladder region was observed. Digital rectal examination revealed a cystic mass with a smooth surface in the anterior wall of the rectum with no tenderness or unclear boundaries. No blood staining was observed in the finger sheaths.Diagnoses: Computed tomography scan revealed that the right kidney was absent, with a mass similar to a cord above the right seminal vesicle cyst. Contrast-enhanced pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed a short T1 and T2 signal shadow similar to a cord above the right seminal vesicle cyst. The boundary was clear, with the upper part leading to the "renal region" and the lower part connecting to the right seminal vesicle cyst. Contrast-enhanced MRI showed local parenchymal cysts with cyst wall enhancement but no intrathecal enhancement. This suggested a hemorrhagic cyst. A diagnosis of Zinner syndrome was established. Interventions:The patient was diagnosed with a giant seminal vesicle cyst with hemorrhage in ZS. The patient had no obvious symptoms; therefore, regular follow-ups were performed.Outcomes: MRI of the patient 1 month later showed that the hematoma in the seminal vesicle cyst was not absorbed.Lessons: Giant seminal vesicle cysts with hemorrhage in ZS are rare. To patients without symptom, regular follow-up can be adopted.
Rationale: Rare side effects of acute epididymitis include testicular infarction and ischemia. Distinguishing them from testicular torsion is challenging, both clinically and radiologically. However, only a few such cases have been reported to date.Patient concerns: A 12-year-old child presented with persistent right testicular pain for 3 days. It developed after trauma and was accompanied by gradual swelling and enlargement of the right scrotum, with nausea and vomiting. Scrotal color Doppler ultrasonography demonstrated right epididymitis, right scrotal wall swelling, and right testicular torsion. Routine blood tests revealed leukocyte and neutrophil counts were both above normal.Diagnosis: Scrotal exploration revealed edema and adhesions in all layers of the scrotal wall. The right testicle was pale. The patient was diagnosed with testicular ischemia secondary to acute epididymitis. Interventions:The patient underwent simultaneous lower spermatic cord sheath dissection and decompression, testicular sheath reversal, and right testicular fixation.Outcomes: Blood flow to the testicles gradually recovered after decompression, as did the color. Postoperatively, the patient's scrotal swelling and pain improved significantly.Lessons: Despite the rarity of this condition, it is a potentially serious consequence of epididymitis and should be considered when patients experience sudden scrotal pain.
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