Reaction routes for NH3 synthesis and by-product formation by DBD-type plasma combined with the Ru/Al2O3 catalyst under different reaction gases: (a) H2 + N2; (b) H2O + N2; and (c) H2O + H2 + N2.

Abstract. Mental fatigue is considered to be a contributing factor responsible for numerous road accidents and various medical conditions and the efficiency and performance could be impaired during fatigue. Hence, determining how to evaluate mental fatigue is very important. In the present study, ten subjects performed a long-term visual search task with electroencephalogram recorded, and self-assessment and reaction time (RT) were combined to verify if mental fatigue had been induced and were also used as confirmatory tests for the proposed measures. The changes in relative energy in four wavebands į ș Į and ȕ), four ratio formulas [(D + T)/E, D/E, (D + T)/(D + E), and T/E], and Shannon's entropy (SE) were compared and analyzed between the beginning and end of the task. The results showed that a significant increase occurred in alpha activity in the frontal, central, posterior temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes, and a dip occurred in the beta activity in the pre-frontal, inferior frontal, posterior temporal, and occipital lobes. The ratio formulas clearly increased in all of these brain regions except the temporal region, where only D/E changed obviously after finishing the 60-min visual search task. SE significantly increased in the posterior temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. These results demonstrate some potential indicators for mental fatigue detection and evaluation, which can be applied in the future development of countermeasures to fatigue.

we are reporting a new synthetic strategy to grow large size black phosphorus (Black-P) crystals through a ternary clathrate Sn24P22-xI8, under lower synthetic temperature and pressure. The Black-P crystals are found grown in situ at the site where the solid clathrate originally resides, which suggests chemical vapor mineralizer does not play a critical role for the Black-P formation. More detailed systematical studies has indicated the P vacancies in the framework of ternary clathrate Sn24P22-xI8 is important for the subsequent Black-P from phosphorus vapors, and a likely Vapor-Solid-Solid (VSS) model is responsible for the Black-P crystal growth. The obtained room temperature mobility μ is ~350 cm 2 /V•s from Hall measurements at mechanically-cleaved flake, where noticeable micro-cracks are visible. The obtained high mobility value further suggest the high quality of the Black-P crystals synthesized through this route.Introduction:

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