We present an experimental evidence that high dimensional orbital angular momentum entanglement of a pair of photons can be survived after a photon-plasmon-photon conversion. The information of spatial modes can be coherently transmitted by surface plasmons. This experiment primarily studies the high dimensional entangled systems based on surface plasmon with subwavelength structures. It maybe useful in the investigation of spatial mode properties of surface plasmon assisted transmission through subwavelength hole arrays.

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With the development and expansion of smart grid systems, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) has become a new type of energy interaction based on Internet of Electric Vehicles (IoEVs). By leveraging the charging/discharging capabilities of EVs, V2G can be implemented in smart grid to enable intelligent energy transactions and reduce the unbalance of supply and demand. However, the implementation of interaction between the existing V2G technology and IoEVs faces the problems of high-complexity energy transaction management, insufficient computing capability, poor scalability, and lack of incentive mechanisms. The three-tier bi-directional energy transaction management strategies based on game and contract theory have been proposed. Firstly, the optimal pricing and EV discharging strategy is obtained based on the noncooperative Stackelberg game and the energy-price equilibrium. Secondly, in order to optimize the utility of EAG, the information asymmetry incentive mechanism based on contract theory is proposed. This mechanism can effectively stimulate EVs to contribute to V2G energy transaction and further improve social benefits considering the energy transmission loss and battery life cycle degradation. To reduce the communication as well as processing latency and improve the efficiency of energy transaction management, edge computing has been incorporated. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed scheme significantly outperforms other existing schemes under various scenarios. INDEX TERMS Smart grid, V2G energy management optimization, Stackelberg game, contract theory, edge computing VOLUME 4, 2016 This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3036415, IEEE Access J. A. Gebrie et al.: Game and Contract Theory-based Energy Transaction Management for Internet of Electric Vehicle B. EAG (ENERGY DISTRIBUTER)

This thesis describes a novel microelectromechanical system (MEMS) piezoresistive pressure sensor based on serpentine-shaped graphene piezoresistors paired with trapezoidal prisms under the diaphragm for measuring low pressure. The finite element method (FEM) is utilized to analyze the mechanical stress and membrane deflection to enhance the degree of stress concentration in this unique sensor. The functional relationship between mechanical performance and dimension variables is established after using the curve fitting approach to handle the stress and deflection. Additionally, the Taguchi optimization method is employed to identify the best dimensions for the proposed structure. Then, the suggested design is compared to the other three designs in terms of operating performance. It is revealed that the recommended sensor can significantly improve sensitivity while maintaining extremely low nonlinearity. In this study, three different types of serpentine-shaped graphene piezoresistors are also designed, and their sensing capability is compared to silicon. The simulation results indicate that the pressure sensor with Type 2 graphene piezoresistors has a maximum sensitivity of 24.50 mV/psi and ultra-low nonlinearity of 0.06% FSS in the pressure range of 0–3 psi.