Background Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) and their interplay with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are responsible for malignant growth and tumor recurrence of Glioblastoma (GBM), but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Methods Cell viability, stemness, migration and invasion was measured in GSCs after knockdown of upstream stimulating factor 1 (USF1). Luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation qPCR were performed to determine the regulation of CD90 by USF1. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescent staining were used to examine the expression of USF1 and GSC markers, as well as the crosstalk between GSCs and TAMs. In addition, the interaction between GSCs and TAMs was confirmed using in vivo GBM models. Results We show that USF1 promotes malignant glioblastoma phenotypes and GSCs-TAMs physical interaction by inducing CD90 expression. USF1 predicts a poor prognosis for glioma patients, and is upregulated in patient-derived GSCs and glioblastoma cell lines. USF1 overexpression increases the proliferation, invasion and neurosphere formation of GSCs and glioblastoma cell lines, while USF1 knockdown exerts an opposite effect. Further mechanistic studies reveal that USF1 promotes GSC’s stemness by directly regulating CD90 expression. Importantly, CD90 of GSCs functions as an anchor for physical interaction with macrophage. Additionally, the USF1/CD90 signaling axis supports the GSCs and TAMs adhesion and immunosuppressive feature of TAMs, which in turn enhance the stemness of GSCs. Moreover, the overexpression of CD90 restores the stemness property in USF1 knockdown GSCs and its immunosuppressive microenvironment. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the USF1/CD90 axis might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of glioblastoma.
A simple strategy for the synthesis of 3-substituted Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones containing ether units is proposed. The method is realized by the three-component synthesis of Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, styrenes and tert-Butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB). This reaction has good functional group tolerance and may involve a free radical process.
To circuit system with a transition state from normal to fault, this paper presents "sub-health" concept to describe it, and the experiments add sub-health diagnosis type. To problem of diagnosis difficulty caused by data overlapping due to tolerance existing in analog circuits, characteristic layer fusion method is selected for feature extraction, and put forward the distance evaluation factor for feature selection. Then potential energy function classification is adopted to diagnose faults, and principle of binary tree is combined with potential energy function classification to solve multiple classification problems. The experiments adopt BP neural network to compare and verify that the method proposed is effective. The results fully illustrate that characteristic layer fusion method can extract fault features effectively, distance evaluation factor has achieved a good dimension reduction effect, and improved potential energy function classification realizes soft fault diagnosis accurately.
The postgraduate education is the top education in our country. To cultivate the innovative postgraduates is the responsibility and mission that the time entrust the university and the postgraduate supervisors. The postgraduates’ innovative quality education has been a hot topic that attracts general attention from both the society and the higher education society. Building an innovation-oriented country lies in the talent, particularly in the innovative scientific and technological talents. With the arrival of the knowledge economy era, postgraduate education in our country is facing a new historical opportunity for development. Postgraduates is the most active force among higher institutions, and the main group in building an innovation-oriented nation, and their ability to innovate has a direct impact on the country’s overall innovation ability.
Abstract. In order to solve the traditional problems such as long designing cycle and high designing cost, the research applies the virtual simulation technology to the design of cathode target on magnetron sputtering vacuum coater. Through analyzing, modeling and simulating, the process model of a typical cathode target on magnetron sputtering coater is proposed. The virtual design of cathode target framework based on distributed collaborative simulation is constructed, which provides a theorial basis for the research of virtual design on cathode target.Using Solidworks software, parts modeling and assembly modeling of cathode target are realized. Using ADAMS, the movements of charged particles in magnetic field and high frequency alternating electric field are simulated, and the visual animation simulation of particles movement is achieved. The research demonstrates the feasibility of virtual simulation technology on vacuum coater design.
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