As the concept of variable stiffness (VS) and variable damping (VD) has increasingly drawn attention because of its superiority on reducing unwanted vibrations, dampers with property of varying stiffness and damping have been an attractive method to further improve vehicle performance and driver comfort. This paper presents the design, prototyping, modeling, and experimental evaluation of a VS and VD magnetorheological (MR) vehicle suspension system. It was first characterized by an INSTRON machine. Then, a phenomenological model was proposed to capture the characteristics of the damper and TS fuzzy approach was used to model the quarter car system where the proposed damper was installed. Different controllers, including skyhook, short-time Fourier transform and state observer based controller were designed to control the damper. Experimental results demonstrate that the quarter car system with the VS and VD suspension performs best in terms of reducing the sprung mass accelerations comparing with other suspensions. Abstract-As the concept of variable stiffness and damping has drawn increasingly attention because of its superiority on reducing unwanted vibrations, dampers with property of varying stiffness and damping have been an attractive method to further improve vehicle performance and driver comfort. This paper presents the design, prototyping, modelling and experimental evaluation of a variable stiffness and variable damping (VSVD) magnetorheological (MR) vehicle suspension system. It was firstlycharacterized by an INSTRON machine. Then a phenomenological model was proposed to capture the characteristics of the damper and TS fuzzy approach was used to model the quarter car system where the proposed damper was installed. Different controllers, including skyhook, Short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and state observer based controller were designed to control the damper. Experimental results demonstrate that the quarter car system with the variable stiffness and damping suspension performs best in terms of reducing the sprung mass accelerations comparing with other suspensions. Index Terms-variable stiffness and damping; magnetorheological; vehicle suspension; vibration control Shuaishuai Sun received the B.E. degree in mechanical engineering and automation from the
To comply with the increasingly strict environmental regulations, the poisonous off‐gas species, e. g. carbon monoxide (CO), produced in the electric arc furnace (EAF) must be treated in the dedusting system. In this work, gas flow patterns of the off‐gas post combustion in three different dedusting system units were simulated with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code: (1) post combustion in a horizontal off‐gas duct, (2) post combustion in a water cooled post combustion chamber without additional energy supply (no gas or air/oxygen injectors) and (3) post combustion in a post combustion chamber with additional energy input (gas, air injectors and ignition burner, case study of VAI‐Fuchs GmbH).All computational results are illustrated with gas velocity, temperature distribution and chemical species concentration fields for the above three cases. In case 1, the effect of different false air volume flow rates at the gap between EAF elbow and exhaust gas duct on the external post combustion of the off‐gas was investigated. For case 2, the computed temperature and chemical composition (CO, CO2 and O2) of the off‐gas at the post chamber exit are in good agreement with additional measurements. Various operating conditions for case 3 have been studied, including different EAF off‐gas temperatures and compositions, i. e. CO content, in order to optimize oxygen and burner gas flow rates. Residence time distributions in the external post combustion chambers have been calculated for cases 2 and 3. Derived temperature fields of the water cooled walls yield valuable information on thermally stressed parts of post combustion units.The results obtained in this work may also gain insight to future investigation of combustion of volatile organic components (VOC) or formation of nitrogenoxide (NOx) and permit the optimization of the operation and design of the off‐gas dedusting system units.
Numerous research studies have been performed to help develop advanced control algorithms for semi-active seat suspension. This paper experimentally investigates a state observer-based Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy controller for a semi-active seat suspension by equipping an electrorheological (ER) damper. A new ER damper prototype is designed, assembled, and tested. Then, a T-S fuzzy model is established to describe the ER seat suspension, which can facilitate the H∞ controller design considering the multi-objective optimization. A state observer is established and integrated into the controller to estimate the state information for the T-S fuzzy model in real-time. Additionally, the experimental validation of the control algorithm is critical in the practical application. A seat suspension test rig is built to validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller. The presented control algorithm is evaluated by comparing the corresponding test results to those with a skyhook controller. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed T-S fuzzy control method, compared to the traditional control method, can further improve the performance of an ER seat suspension system.
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