The gut microbiota plays an essential role in the health of bees. Scientific evidence suggests that diet and infection can affect the gut microbiota and modulate the health of the gut; however, the interplay between those two factors and the bee gut microbiota is not well known. In this study, we used a high-throughput sequencing method to monitor the changes of gut microbiota associated with both feeding types and Nosema ceranae infection. Our results showed that the gut microbiota composition and diversity of Asian honey bee were significantly associated with both feeding types and the N. ceranae infection. More interestingly, bees fed with beebread showed higher microbiota stability and lower mortality rates than those fed with sugar water when infected by N. ceranae. Those data suggest that beebread has the potential not only to provide better nutrition but also help to establish a more stable gut microbiota to protect bees against N. ceranae infection.

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Hydrocyanation is a powerful method for the preparation of nitriles which are versatile building blocks for the synthesis of amines, acids and amides.

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Two new alkaline metal thioboratephosphates, RbB3P2S10 and CsB3P2S10, have been designed and fabricated by the flux method. The two compounds are composed of alkali metal polyhedral and [B6P4S20] T3-supertetrahedral units,...