Pteroptyx maipo sp. nov. is the first record of the genus Pteroptyx Olivier from mainland China and Hong Kong and represents the most northerly record for this genus. The description includes all life stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult, and covers special structures such as the female bursa plates and male copulatory clamp. Details of habitat, male courtship flash patterns and male-female courtship behaviour are described. This species is the second in the genus Pteroptyx found to use a copulatory clamp, which functions to wedge the mating pair together. A complete clamp however does not appear necessary for successful insemination. Bursa plates hold the spermatophore partially projecting into a spermatophore-digesting gland. Other functions for the plates are investigated and discussed. The deflexed elytral apex appears after eclosion in the adult male. Mechanisms for the loss of ventrite 8 in the male abdomen are explored. A list of the 30 Pteroptyx species recognised here, with habitats, some morphological characteristics and a key to species of the Oriental Pteroptyx are provided.
A novel method of designing hub and shroud contours is presented. The method, based on the medial axis transform theory in differential geometry, gives a uniform description of hub and shroud contours and the formula of cross section area. Through solving the formula of cross section area with an additional constraint, the hub and shroud contours can be determined numerically. The constraint is exposed through a curvature equation, which allows the medial axis or hub (shroud) contour to be a certain form. Using this method, various optimization criteria relating to the cross section area can be conveniently introduced into the design.
Subfamily classification within the Lampyridae, and generic categories in the Luciolinae are reviewed, as are the difficulties that often exist with accurate species determinations because of inadequate definition of the genus Luciola LaPorte. A key to genera of the Luciolinae reflects current phylogenetic trends and includes the first morphological details of Luciola (Photuroluciola) (Pic). An expanded generic definition of Pygoluciola Wittmer includes an extension of its geographic range. Pygoluciola qingyu sp. nov. is described including morphology of males, females (bursa structure) and larvae, and the first record of synchronous flashing from mainland China. Behaviour including predacious activity by larvae on large mandibulate ants, in an apparently hazardous frontal attack, the semiaquatic mode of life and luminous activity including synchronous flashing is described and discussed. A lectotype male of Luciola cerata Olivier is designated and described.
Transcutaneous energy transmission (TET) is considered as a good way to wirelessly power the implanted devices in human bodies. The load voltage provided from the TET to the implanted device should be kept stable to ensure the device working well, which however, is easily affected by the required power variation for different body movements and coil-couple malposition accompanying skin peristalsis. Commonly, the load voltage applied onto the device should be measured and feedback for power is regulated by implanting sensing and communication units into the body, which causes additional energy cost, increased size and weight of the implanted device. This paper takes the TET for artificial heart as an example to propose a novel primary side control method of the load voltage for TET, which does not require any additional implanted components. In the method, sensing coils are used to measure the malposition between the transmitter coil (TC) and receiver coil, and the magnitude of the TC current outside the human body. The measurement results are used to estimate the load voltage inside the body through calculation, whose value provide a base to develop a PI control system to regulate the input power of TET for the load voltage stability. The proposed method is experimentally validated on an actual TET for artificial heart by varying its load in a wide range under serious coil-couple malposition. With applying the primary side control, the variation of the load voltage is reduced to only 25 % of that without the control.
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